Advance directives and other medical decisions concerning the end of life in cancer patients in Japan

The attitude of Greek student nurses toward euthanasia

“…However, a medical dilemma that begins to emerge more often, today, is the benefit of cardio-respiratory resuscitation of patients with incurable diseases, especially in the final stage. Medical deontology plays a significant role because it includes the basic rules of behaviour from which doctors will be inspired and they need to follow these rules in a legal and social frame [24] .…”

Quality of end-of-life treatment for cancer patients in general wards and the palliative care unit at a regional cancer center in Japan: a retrospective chart review

“…Previous studies investigated some aspects of quality of end-of-life care in Japan as follows: satisfaction of end-of-life care for cancer patients who died in PCUs [18], the efficacy of PCTs [19,20], documentation of DNR orders in a teaching hospital [21], treatments and status of disclosure in the last 48 h of life in PCU and those provided in a geriatric hospital, where 42% of patients had cancer [22]. It is unclear who actually consents to DNR; however, in Japan, a cultural feature is that the family plays a greater role in this type of decision making [23][24][25]. There is also limited information about the comprehensive aspects of end-of-life treatment provided for dying cancer patients in general wards, and there are no data regarding QIs because of underdeveloped cancer registries in Japan.…”

Family member perspectives of deceased relatives’ end-of-life options on admission to a palliative care unit in Japan

“…Consequently, our findings may be subject to recall bias. However, bias from surrogate respondents can be justified because end-oflife decision-making is more often entrusted to families rather than to patients in Japan [29][30][31]. Second, there was insufficient information regarding physical and psychological symptoms.…”