Advance and Challenges in the Treatment of Skin Diseases with the Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Abstract

Skin diseases are among the most prevalent non-fatal conditions worldwide. The transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has emerged as a promising approach for treating skin diseases, owing to its numerous advantages such as high bioavailability, low systemic toxicity, and improved patient compliance. However, the effectiveness of the TDDS is hindered by several factors, including the barrier properties of the stratum corneum, the nature of the drug and carrier, and delivery conditions. In this paper, we provide an overview of the development of the TDDS from first-generation to fourth-generation systems, highlighting the characteristics of each carrier in terms of mechanism composition, penetration method, mechanism of action, and recent preclinical studies. We further investigated the significant challenges encountered in the development of the TDDS and the crucial significance of clinical trials.

State-of-All-the-Art and Prospective Hydrogel-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

“…This gives rise to higher permeability. Hydrated skin can enhance drug penetration by loosening the stratum corneum [59].…”

“…Optimal drug penetration occurs when the matrix pH is equal to or greater than the pKa of alkaline drugs or less than that of acidic drugs. Additionally, a larger administration area correlates with increased penetration efficacy and higher drug concentration [59].…”

Past, present, and future of global research on artificial intelligence applications in dermatology: A bibliometric analysis

“…Dermatological diseases are currently the 4th most prevalent nonfatal diseases worldwide. [ 1 ] The approach to the diagnosis and management of dermatological conditions has changed considerably with the advent of advanced technologies and inventions. Dermoscopy has improved the sensitivity and specificity of skin disease diagnoses; however, its diagnostic accuracy remains low.…”