Adults with spastic cerebral palsy have lower bone mass than those with dyskinetic cerebral palsy

Low bone mineral density in ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy? A systematic review

“…The Society also recommends measuring BMD in the total proximal femur or femur neck and not in the greater trochanter or Ward's triangle [6,27]. Therefore, we did not report the results measured in these latter regions in the study of Han et al [33] and Kim et al [34]. Because most studies of the distal femur measured BMD in region 2 (mixture of cortical and trabecular bone), we report only results for region 2.…”

“…Fourteen studies reported BMD results of the lumbar spine [3,12,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], nine of the femur [3,12,30,31,33,34,37,38,42], two of the calcaneus [30,36], two of the total body [37,42], and one of the radius and tibia [43]. Most studies focused on children, but five focused on adults [34,38,39] or a mixed age group [3,43]. The countries from which the participants were recruited were: Canada [3,12,42], Taiwan [30,31], USA [3,39], England [36], Turkey [32], Norway [37], Korea [33], Israel [43], and Pakistan [41].…”

“…The countries from which the participants were recruited were: Canada [3,12,42], Taiwan [30,31], USA [3,39], England [36], Turkey [32], Norway [37], Korea [33], Israel [43], and Pakistan [41]. Four studies did not report the country from which the participants were recruited [34,35,38,40]. Five studies [12,30,31,40,42] reported only on persons with spastic CP, three studies [34,37,38] on other types of CP, and seven studies [3,32,33,35,36,39,41,43] did not report CP type.…”

Coupling Timing of Interventions With Dose to Optimize Plasticity and Participation in Pediatric Neurologic Populations

“…What are the needs and the differential preventative measures needed for people with different movement disorder sub types of CP? 118 How can we best address the physical therapy needs of adults with CP?…”

Biomarkers of Bone Turnover: Potential, Challenges and Pitfalls from the Laboratory Point of view

“…Conversely, immobility exacerbates bone loss and increased bone resorption and CTX levels, as reduced mobility accelerates the bone loss due to aging and increase CTX and P1NP levels in elderly subjects (n=111) [21][22]. Moreover, BTMs are increased following a fracture, and subjects with increased frailty risk had significantly high levels of PINP, β-CTX and PTH as well as low levels of 25(OH)D [23,24].…”