Adults with severe Japanese encephalitis: a retrospective analysis of 9 cases in Linyi, China

Su, Qi; Xie, Zhongxiang; He, Falin; Liu, Zhen-Chuan; Song, Xiaojie; Zhao, Fu-Chun; Li, Dibin; Che, Fengyuan

doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04867-8

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Nearly half of patients with JE (12 in 26, 46.14%) progressed, developed rapid respiratory failure, and received mechanical ventilation with tracheotomy. The neurophilic characteristics of the JEV causes central respiratory failure in the early central infection stage [ 19 – 21 ]. The mortality rate of cases in our study was 15.4% (4 in 26), lower than the 20–30% reported by Solomon et al [ 22 ], but higher than the 4.4% reported by Lo et al [ 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic landscape subtype and clinical prognosis of patients with the cognitive impairment by Japanese encephalitis infection

Yin

Yang

Hao

et al. 2022

J Neuroinflammation

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Background Cognitive impairment is one of the primary sequelae affecting the quality of life of patients with Japanese encephalitis (JE). The clinical treatment is mainly focused on life support, lacking of targeted treatment strategy. Methods A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomic profiling study was performed including 26 patients with JE in Gansu province of China from June 2017 to October 2018 and 33 other concurrent hospitalized patients who were excluded central nervous system (CNS) organic or CNS infection diseases. The clinical and proteomics data of patients with JE were undergoing combined analysis for the first time. Results Two subtypes of JE associated with significantly different prognoses were identified. Compared to JE1, the JE2 subtype is associated with lower overall survival rate and a higher risk of cognitive impairment. The percentages of neutrophils (N%), lymphocyte (L%), and monocytes (M%) decreased in JE2 significantly. Conclusions The differences in proteomic landscape between JE subgroups have specificity for the prognosis of cognitive impairment. The data also provided some potential target proteins for treatment of cognitive impairments caused by JE. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000030499. Registered 1st June 2017, http://www.medresman.org.cn/pub/cn/proj/projectshow.aspx?proj=6333

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic landscape subtype and clinical prognosis of patients with the cognitive impairment by Japanese encephalitis infection

Yin

Yang

Hao

et al. 2022

J Neuroinflammation

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“…JEV is a notable cause of encephalitis in Asia [36]. Although most JEV infected people present only subclinical manifestations, a third of symptomatic cases are fatal and almost 50% of survivors present long-term neurological sequelae [42]. WNV is the worldwide most distributed mosquito-borne flavivirus [27].…”

Section: Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Protein Kinase Pharmacological Regulation in Flaviviridae Infections

Blázquez

Saiz

2020

IJMS

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Protein kinases (PKs) are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of the terminal phosphate group from ATP to a protein acceptor, mainly to serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. PK catalyzed phosphorylation is critical to the regulation of cellular signaling pathways that affect crucial cell processes, such as growth, differentiation, and metabolism. PKs represent attractive targets for drugs against a wide spectrum of diseases, including viral infections. Two different approaches are being applied in the search for antivirals: compounds directed against viral targets (direct-acting antivirals, DAAs), or against cellular components essential for the viral life cycle (host-directed antivirals, HDAs). One of the main drawbacks of DAAs is the rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses. In contrast, HDAs present a higher barrier to resistance development. This work reviews the use of chemicals that target cellular PKs as HDAs against virus of the Flaviviridae family (Flavivirus and Hepacivirus), thus being potentially valuable therapeutic targets in the control of these pathogens.

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“…5 articles also grouped patient outcome into severe/moderate/minor yet based on the degree of independent functioning and controllability of seizures or the author’s subjective assessment [ 17 , 83 – 86 ]. 4 articles adopted Modified Rankin Scale to measure the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities [ 87 – 90 ]. 3 articles used Glasgow Coma Scale [ 91 – 93 ] and the remaining 2 articles used the Whitely’s method [ 94 , 95 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of Japanese Encephalitis mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and modeling analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is known for its high case fatality ratio (CFR) and long-term neurological sequelae. Over the years, efforts in JE treatment and control might change the JE fatality risk. However, previous estimates were from 10 years ago, using data from cases in the 10 years before this. Estimating JE disease severity is challenging because data come from countries with different JE surveillance systems, diagnostic methods, and study designs. Without precise and timely JE disease severity estimates, there is continued uncertainty about the JE disease burden and the effect of JE vaccination. Methodology We performed a systematic review to collate age-stratified JE fatality and morbidity data. We used a stepwise model selection with BIC as the selection criteria to identify JE CFR drivers. We used stacked regression, to predict country-specific JE CFR from 1961 to 2030. JE morbidity estimates were grouped from similar study designs to estimate the proportion of JE survivors with long-term neurological sequelae. Principal findings We included 82 and 50 peer-reviewed journal articles published as of March 06 2021 for JE fatality and morbidity with 22 articles in both analyses. Results suggested overall JE CFR estimates of 26% (95% CI 22, 30) in 1961–1979, 20% (95% CI 17, 24) in 1980–1999, 14% (95% CI 11, 17) in 2000–2018, and 14% (95% CI 11, 17) in 2019–2030. Holding other variables constant, we found that JE fatality risk decreased over time (OR: 0.965; 95% CI: 0.947–0.983). Younger JE cases had a slightly higher JE fatality risk (OR: 1.012; 95% CI: 1.003–1.021). The odds of JE fatality in countries with JE vaccination is 0.802 (90% CI: 0.653–0.994; 95% CI: 0.62–1.033) times lower than the odds in countries without JE vaccination. Ten percentage increase in the percentage of rural population to the total population was associated with 15.35% (95% CI: 7.71, 22.57) decrease in JE fatality odds. Ten percentage increase in population growth rate is associated with 3.71% (90% CI: 0.23, 7.18; 95% CI: -0.4, 8.15) increase in JE fatality odds. Adjusting for the effect of year, rural population percent, age of JE cases, and population growth rate, we estimated that there was a higher odds of JE fatality in India compared to China. (OR: 5.46, 95% CI: 3.61–8.31). Using the prediction model we found that, in 2000–2018, Brunei, Pakistan, and Timor-Leste were predicted to have the highest JE CFR of 20%. Bangladesh, Guam, Pakistan, Philippines, and Vietnam had projected JE CFR over 20% for after 2018, whereas the projected JE CFRs were below 10% in China, Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Thailand. For disability, we estimated that 36% (min-max 0–85) JE patients recovered fully at hospital discharge. One year after hospital discharge, 46% (min-max 0%-97%) JE survivors were estimated to live normally but 49% (min-max 3% - 86%)till had neurological sequelae. Conclusion JE CFR estimates were lower than 20% after 2000. Our study provides an updated estimation of CFR and proportion of JE cases with long-term neurological sequelae that could help to refine cost-benefit assessment for JE control and elimination programs.

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Adults with severe Japanese encephalitis: a retrospective analysis of 9 cases in Linyi, China

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Proteomic landscape subtype and clinical prognosis of patients with the cognitive impairment by Japanese encephalitis infection

Proteomic landscape subtype and clinical prognosis of patients with the cognitive impairment by Japanese encephalitis infection

Potential for Protein Kinase Pharmacological Regulation in Flaviviridae Infections

Estimates of Japanese Encephalitis mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and modeling analysis

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