Adulthood Outcome of Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity in Children With Tourette Syndrome

Bloch, Michael H.; Peterson, Bradley S.; Scahill, Lawrence; Otka, Jessica; Katsovich, Lily; Zhang, Heping; Leckman, James F.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.1.65

Cited by 407 publications

(318 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The children were recruited from neurologists and TS support groups from the Northeast and Southeast. Only children ages 8-14 years were recruited for this study, due to the research showing that TS symptoms tend to peak during this time frame (Bloch, et al, 2006). The children with TS were required to have a previously confirmed diagnosis of TS from a qualified neurologist or psychiatrist with no other neurological disorders (i.e.…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Executive Functioning in a Small Sample of Children With Tourette Syndrome

Schwam

King

Greenberg

2014

Applied Neuropsychology: Child

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Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a disorder that involves at least one vocal tic and two or more motor tics, however associated symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Attention Deficit Disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) are common. Many children with TS exhibit educational difficulties and one possible explanation may be deficits in executive functioning. The focus of this study was to look at the severity of symptoms often associated with TS (tics, OCS, and ADHD symptoms) and its potential relationship with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) parent form in eleven children diagnosed with Tourette syndrome, ages 8-14. The BRIEF was completed by the parent of the child along with symptom measures evaluating tics, obsessive-compulsive behaviors and attention deficit symptoms. Despite relative low mean scores on the symptom measures and just a few children exhibiting clinically significant scores on the BRIEF indexes, at least half the children exhibited abnormal scores on the working memory, inhibit, and shift subscales on the BRIEF. Varying patterns of relationships were found on the BRIEF subscales for each symptom severity scales.Results suggest that the BRIEF may be useful in determining the specific areas of difficulty in a population with variable symptomatology.

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Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Executive Functioning in a Small Sample of Children With Tourette Syndrome

Schwam

King

Greenberg

2014

Applied Neuropsychology: Child

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“…However, to 12 years of age following which there is a gradual decline in tic severity 93,94 (See Figure XXXXX). A complete remission of both motor and phonic symptoms can occur, but estimates vary considerably 13,81,93 with some studies reporting rates of remission as high as 30 to 50% 93,94 . In such cases, the legacy of GTS in adult life is most closely associated with what it "meant" to have severe tics as a child.…”

Section: Shared Genetic Basis With Other Neuropsychiatric and Neurolomentioning

confidence: 99%

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

Robertson

Eapen

Singer

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Dis Primers

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The unstructured abstract of 200 words maximum should summarize the main points of the article. All information mentioned in the abstract must be addressed somewhere in the main article. The abstract should not contain references or display item citations. Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS), a reasonably common disorder, has had a long, tortuous and somewhat controversial history. First and well described in the 18th century 1,2 , the main features of GTS have, however, remained fairly constant. The core diagnostic features are multiple motor and one or more vocal (phonic) tics lasting for over a year. In addition, almost pathognomic, but not necessary, features described in the early documentations include coprolalia (involuntary, inappropriate swearing), and echophenomena (copying behaviours), as well as many co-morbidities and psychopathologies 3 . Introduction [suggested 500 words, is 544 words -8 refs] Mary Robertson Thoughts for Mary -Your word count when combining sections 1 and 2 is 1001 (1000 limit)-so OKGTS was originally described in France and the majority of early literature came from and standardised schedules such as diagnostic confidence, measurement of severity, QoL, and assessment of both co-morbidities and co-existent psychopathologies are currently available.Large international collaborative consortia are engaged in studies exploring aetiological factors in particular, and some international treatment studies are also underway. Perhaps as a result of earlier small patient numbers, the treatment trials have given good clues to management, but unsurprisingly systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been hampered, giving disappointing, if not unexpected, results. Intriguingly medications from the typical NRDP -Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome 3 antipsychotic family including haloperidol, which first had documented success in 1961 6,7 are still being used, although successive generations of "atypicals" are currently more in vogue,as are medications such as alpha-2-adrenergic agonists. Interestingly, haloperidol remains the only medication prescribed on licence in many parts of the world. In contrast to disorders such as ADHD, in which it is clear which treatments work and which do not require further study 8 , a variety of treatment studies in GTS are still being undertaken, including using other medications (trying to improve efficacy and reduce side effects), behavioural therapies, deep brain stimulation (for refractory cases), and other more "alternative" methods such as "orthotics" (teeth braces). The GTS community has to first agree on how common GTS is and then seek funding for research in the areas of major importance.2. Epidemiology [suggested 500 words, is 444 words, 6 additional refs] Mary Robertson GTS was for many years thought to be not only very rare, but a bizarre curiosity, with sporadic case reports peppering the literature. The belief that GTS was uncommon at the very least was held by many until Comings 9 controversially suggested that GTS occurred in between 0.66% and...

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“…The typical course is for a fluctuating though gradually increasing severity of tics from their onset until early adolescence. This pattern is followed by a gradual decrease in tic symptomatology toward the end of the second decade of life [9] Most affected individuals report that the period of worst ever tics is between the ages of 10 and 12 years. Nonetheless, some patients have persistent tics in adulthood, while others may have continued disability due to co-occurring conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) [9].…”

Section: Tourette Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Tourette syndrome and obsessive–compulsive disorder

Lombroso

Scahill

2008

Brain and Development

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Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder are neuropsychiatric disorders that have sparked considerable interest over the decades. They are the focus of research for a remarkable diversity of disciplines, ranging from neuroimagers and prenatal epidemiologists to experts in the neural circuits that connect the cortex with the basal ganglia, as well as neuroimmunologists focusing on brain-based autoimmune phenomena. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the onset and exacerbation of these illnesses. Here we discuss the clinical phenomenology and treatment options that are currently available. New psychopharmacological agents are being used that are based on a greater understanding of the neurobiology and are being used in combination with behavioral interventions. Longitudinal clinical investigations into clinical symptoms and the natural course are providing additional clues on the underlying pathophysiology. Recent advances in research models are also reviewed in an attempt to clarify some of the molecular etiologies that lead to these disorders. KeywordsTorrette syndrome; obsessive-compulsive disorder; basal ganglia; autoimmune disorders; streptococcal infections; neuroleptic treatment Tourette syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are model neuropsychiatric disorders that have been the subject of medical interest for centuries [1]. Many explanations have been suggested for the etiology of tics and OCD symptoms and have included genetic factors, the influence of toxins, psychological, and infectious processes. There have been significant advances of our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms at work in these disorders, as well as improvements in the treatments available. Several reviews on more specialized aspect of TS, OCD and related disorders have appeared over the last several years [2][3][4]. Here we concentrate on the clinical features of tic disorders and OCD and discuss evidence-based interventions for these disorders. Tourette syndromeTourette syndrome is one of several tic disorders that are classified either by their type (motor or phonic tic) or their duration (transient or chronic). The diagnosis of a transient tic is made if the tics are present for less than 12 months. If the tics persist for more than 12 months, they

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Adulthood Outcome of Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity in Children With Tourette Syndrome

Cited by 407 publications

References 16 publications

Characteristics of Executive Functioning in a Small Sample of Children With Tourette Syndrome

Characteristics of Executive Functioning in a Small Sample of Children With Tourette Syndrome

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome and obsessive–compulsive disorder

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