Adulthood Continuous Gender Identity Scales

Bailey, J. Michael; Finkel, Evgeny; Blackwelder, K.; Bailey, Tessa

doi:10.1037/t30163-000

Cited by 8 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Scores on this scale have been shown to correlate moderately with partners' assessments of lesbians' and gay men's gender nonconformity (Bailey et al, 1998). There were two versions, one for women and one for men, and participants rated their agreement with items on a 5-point scale (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree).…”

Section: Gender Nonconformitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 10-item Continuous Gender Identity Scale (CGIS; Bailey, Finkel, Blackwelder, & Bailey, 1998) was used to measure several aspects of participants' subjective assessments of their current masculinity or femininity. Scores on this scale have been shown to correlate moderately with partners' assessments of lesbians' and gay men's gender nonconformity (Bailey et al, 1998).…”

Section: Gender Nonconformitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Nonconformity and Psychological Distress in Lesbians and Gay Men

2006

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Some lesbians and gay men tend to be more gender nonconforming, on average and for certain traits, than their heterosexual counterparts. Gender nonconformity in childhood has also been linked to adult homosexuality. Studies of both lesbians and gay men also find elevated rates of psychological distress. We hypothesized that these facts may be related. Individuals who violate social norms for gender-appropriate behavior may suffer from stigmatization by both heterosexual and homosexual people, leading to higher levels of psychological distress. We examined whether several measures of gender nonconformity were related to psychological distress in a community-based sample of gay men and lesbians. These included self-reports of childhood and adulthood gender nonconformity, as well as observer ratings of current behavior. Several measures of gender nonconformity were related to each other for both lesbians and gay men. In addition, gender nonconformity was related to psychological distress, but only for gay men. Finally, both lesbian and gay male participants reported more positive attitudes towards gender conformity than nonconformity, although the pattern was somewhat different for each group. We discuss the implications of these results for future studies of gender nonconformity and for the promotion of psychological health in lesbians and gay men.

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Section: Gender Nonconformitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gender Nonconformitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Nonconformity and Psychological Distress in Lesbians and Gay Men

2006

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“…Childhood sex atypicality of targets was assessed with the Childhood Gender Nonconformity Scale (Bailey, Finkel, Blackwelder, & Bailey, 1995; see also Rieger et al, 2008) with seven statements for each sex. Sample items were: ''As a child, I often felt that I had more in common with [the opposite sex]'' or ''I preferred playing with girls rather than boys.''…”

Section: Self-report Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting “Gaydar”: Accuracy and the Role of Masculinity–Femininity

et al. 2008

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"Gaydar" is the ability to distinguish homosexual and heterosexual people using indirect cues. We investigated the accuracy of gaydar and the nature of "gaydar signals" conveying information about sexual orientation. Homosexual people tend to be more sex atypical than heterosexual people in some behaviors, feelings, and interests. We hypothesized that indicators of sex atypicality might function as gaydar signals. In Study 1, raters judged targets' sexual orientation from pictures, brief videos, and sound recordings. Sexual orientation was assessed with high, though imperfect, accuracy. In Study 2, different raters judged targets' sex atypicality from the same stimuli. Ratings of sexual orientation from Study 1 corresponded highly with targets' self-reports of sex atypicality and with observer ratings of sex atypicality from Study 2. Thus, brief samples of sex-atypical behavior may function as effective gaydar signals.

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“…To retrospectively assess the participants’ childhood sex-typed behavior and gender identity, the participants were administered a sex-appropriate form of the Czech version of the Childhood Gender Nonconformity Scale (CGN, [ 34 ]). The scale consists of seven items rated on a 7-point Likert scale, anchored on both ends with “strongly disagree” (1) and “strongly agree” (7), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess the participants’ current self-concepts as masculine or feminine, a sex-appropriate form of the Czech version of the Continuous Gender Identity Scale (CGI; [ 34 ]) was administered. The measure includes 10 items rated on a 7-point Likert Scale ranging from “strongly disagree” (1) to “strongly agree” (7) which relate to how masculine or feminine the participant feels (“In many ways I feel more similar to men/women than to women/men.“) and behaves (“People think I should act more feminine/masculine than I do.“).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Performance Is Predicted by Individual Sex-Atypicality, but Not Sexual Orientation

2013

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Many previous studies have reported robust sex differences in olfactory perception. However, both men and women can be expected to vary in the degree to which they exhibit olfactory performance considered typical of their own or the opposite sex. Sex-atypicality is often described in terms of childhood gender nonconformity, which, however, is not a perfect correlate of non-heterosexual orientation. Here we explored intrasexual variability in psychophysical olfactory performance in a sample of 156 individuals (83 non-heterosexual) and found the lowest odor identification scores in heterosexual men. However, when childhood gender nonconformity was entered in the model along with sexual orientation, better odor identification scores were exhibited by gender-nonconforming men, and greater olfactory sensitivity by gender-conforming women, irrespective of their sexual orientation. Thus, sex-atypicality, but not sexual orientation predicts olfactory performance, and we propose that this might not be limited to olfaction, but represent a more general phenomenon.

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Adulthood Continuous Gender Identity Scales

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Gender Nonconformity and Psychological Distress in Lesbians and Gay Men

Gender Nonconformity and Psychological Distress in Lesbians and Gay Men

Dissecting “Gaydar”: Accuracy and the Role of Masculinity–Femininity

Olfactory Performance Is Predicted by Individual Sex-Atypicality, but Not Sexual Orientation

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