Adult testicular cancer: Two decades of Saudi national data

Abstract

There is a paucity of data regarding testicular cancer among Saudis as well as the nonexistent of published national data. Furthermore, a substantial increase of the incidence of testicular cancer among Saudis was lately noted. The aim of the study is to determine the trends and patterns of testicular cancer among adult Saudis using national data over a period of 20 years. The national database of the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) on testicular cancer over the last two decades was studied including epidemiological and histological patterns. The 1004 cases of testicular cancer among adult Saudis reported by the SCR will be the subject of this study. From 1994 to 2013, 1004 cases of testicular cancer among adult Saudis were reported to the SCR, with a steadily significant increase in incidence rate reaching an annual rate of 94 cases in 2013. Age of the patients ranged 15–93 years with a mean of 34.5 years. The most affected age group was 20–34 years, where 51% of all testicular cancer accumulated. Around 85% of testicular cancer is germ cell tumors, while paratesticular and gonadal stromal tumors represent 15%. Of all testicular cancer, seminomas were seen in 40.7%, nonseminomas in 44.6%. Notably, 70.4% of the cases in the first decade were seminomas, while in the second decade 65.9% of the cases were nonseminomas. The subtypes of the nonseminomas were a mixed tumor in 51.6%, embryonal carcinoma in 19.9%, yolk sac tumor in 12.3%, germinomas in 6.7%, teratomas in 6%, and choriocarcinomas in 3.6%. Lymphomas (34.7%) and rhabdomyosarcomas (23.6%) are on the top of the paratesticular tumor group. The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results summary stage of seminomas was localized in 61.6%, regional in 19.8%, and distant in 12.6%, while of nonseminomas was 48%, 15.5%, and 28.5%, respectively. Localized and distant status of seminomas improved over the studied period by 12% and 4% respectively, while this trend was not seen in nonseminomas. The incidence rate is on rising with doubling observed during the last decade. The most affected age group was 20–34 years. Noteworthy was the dominance of the seminomas in the first decade and of the nonseminomas in the second decade. Paratesticular tumors rate is high, third of which were lymphomas. Compared to data from Western countries, notably, there is a high rate of yolk sac tumors and germinomas and a low incidence of choriocarcinomas and embryonal carcinomas. In general, late presentation of all testicular cancer was noted, although a modest stage improvement over the studied period was observed in seminomas, not in nonseminomas.

Clinicopathological spectrum of testicular lesions over a five-year period in a tertiary hospital

“…The incidence of malignancy is greater in cryptorchid organs with seminoma being the most common type [12]. As per KSA data 4.58% of the patients had tumors in undescended testis, most of which were seminomas [7]. In the present study just 1 case (3.5 %) of seminoma had association with cryptorchidism which goes with the above findings but much lower than other studies from KSA [13,14].…”

“…It is largely a disease of young-and middle-aged men, approximately 7% of cases occur in children. Testicular cancer accounts for around 1% of all cancer in males [7]. The incidence is highest in Europe and North America and lowest in Asia and Africa.…”

“…The age-standardized incidence rate in Europe and North America is between 4 and 10/100,000, whereas in Asia and Africa is between 0.2 and 1/100,000 [8,9]. The incidence rate of testicular cancer was around 30.5 cases/year in the first decade (1994-2013), but a steadily significant increase in incidence rate in the second decade (2004-2013) was seen with a mean of 70 cases/year in KSA [7]. Similar patterns of increased incidence have been seen in neighboring Gulf Cooperation Council states [10] and other parts of world [11].…”

Large Cell Calcifying Sertoli Cell Tumor with Macrocalcification in a Partially Resected Testis

“…LCCSCT is a rare neoplasm that is a type of Sertoli cell tumor, and it accounts for less than 0.3% of all testis tumors in Saudi Arabia [15]. These tumors usually develop in boys and younger adults, and the majority (80%) are benign.…”

Pediatric testicular cancer: Two decades of Saudi national data

“…Furthermore, a significant increase of testicular cancer incidence among Saudis over the last decade was observed. [ 3 ] The aim of the study is to determine the trends and patterns of testicular cancer cases among Saudi children using the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) data over a period of 20 years.…”