Adult Stem Cells in Tissue Homeostasis and Disease

Lazzeri, Elena; Peired, Anna Julie; Ballerini, Lara; Lasagni, Laura

doi:10.5772/33941

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 112 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These cells give rise to daughter progenitor cells that rapidly proliferate and migrate out of the crypts. As they migrate, progenitor cells cease proliferation and begin to differentiate into the various intestinal cell lineages: neuroendocrine cells, Paneth cells, goblet cells, or absorptive enterocytes [ 60 ]. However, as L. intracellularis infected epithelial cells lack capacity for mucin secretion and have attenuated digestive and absorptive capacity, we hypothesized that some aberrant signaling prevents their full differentiation and maturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lawsonia intracellularis infected enterocytes lack sucrase-isomaltase which contributes to reduced pig digestive capacity

Helm

Burrough

Leite

et al. 2021

Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lawsonia intracellularis is endemic to swine herds worldwide, however much is still unknown regarding its impact on intestinal function. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the impact of L. intracellularis on digestive function, and how vaccination mitigates these impacts. Thirty-six L. intracellularis negative barrows were assigned to treatment groups (n = 12/trt): (1) nonvaccinated, L. intracellularis negative (NC); (2) nonvaccinated, L intracellularis challenged (PC); and (3) L. intracellularis challenged, vaccinated (Enterisol® Ileitis, Boehringer Ingelheim) 7 weeks pre-challenge (VAC). On days post-inoculation (dpi) 0 PC and VAC pigs were inoculated with L. intracellularis. From dpi 19–21 fecal samples were collected for apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and at dpi 21, pigs were euthanized for sample collection. Post-inoculation, ADG was reduced in PC pigs compared with NC (41%, P < 0.001) and VAC (25%, P < 0.001) pigs. Ileal gross lesion severity was greater in PC pigs compared with NC (P = 0.003) and VAC (P = 0.018) pigs. Dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, and energy ATTD were reduced in PC pigs compared with NC pigs (P ≤ 0.001 for all). RNAscope in situ hybridization revealed abolition of sucrase-isomaltase transcript in the ileum of PC pigs compared with NC and VAC pigs (P < 0.01). Conversely, abundance of stem cell signaling markers Wnt3, Hes1, and p27Kip1 were increased in PC pigs compared with NC pigs (P ≤ 0.085). Taken together, these data demonstrate that reduced digestibility during L. intracellularis challenge is partially driven by abolition of digestive machinery in lesioned tissue. Further, vaccination mitigated several of these effects, likely from lower bacterial burden and reduced disease severity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lawsonia intracellularis infected enterocytes lack sucrase-isomaltase which contributes to reduced pig digestive capacity

Helm

Burrough

Leite

et al. 2021

Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cellular repair and regeneration are key elements in tissue homeostasis ( Lazzeri et al, 2012 ). Aging is characterized by the loss of tissue regenerative properties and the accumulation of senescent cells, which is a defense mechanism preventing genomic instability ( Bisset and Howlett, 2019 ).…”

Section: Clinical Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Of Frailty: The Potential Role Of Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of miRNAs in Cognitive Frailty

Carini

Musazzi

Bolzetta³

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Frailty is an aging related condition, which has been defined as a state of enhanced vulnerability to stressors, leading to a limited capacity to meet homeostatic demands. Cognitive impairment is also frequent in older people, often accompanying frailty. Age is the main independent risk factor for both frailty and cognitive impairment, and compelling evidence suggests that similar age-associated mechanisms could underlie both clinical conditions. Accordingly, it has been suggested that frailty and cognitive impairment share common pathways, and some authors proposed “cognitive frailty” as a single complex phenotype. Nevertheless, so far, no clear common underlying pathways have been discovered for both conditions. microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key fine-tuning regulators in most physiological processes, as well as pathological conditions. Importantly, miRNAs have been proposed as both peripheral biomarkers and potential molecular factors involved in physiological and pathological aging. In this review, we discuss the evidence linking changes of selected miRNAs expression with frailty and cognitive impairment. Overall, miR-92a-5p and miR-532-5p, as well as other miRNAs implicated in pathological aging, should be investigated as potential biomarkers (and putative molecular effectors) of cognitive frailty.

show abstract

“…These specialized cells give rise to the differentiated cells of only their corresponding tissue. 126 For instance, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the turn-over of the hematopoietic tissue during homeostasis and upon acute blood loss, while the intestinal stem cells generate the gut epithelium. This is accomplished by the asymmetric division of the stem cell, which leads to one daughter cell committing to differentiation while the other remaining as the stem cell to maintain the stem cell pool.…”

Section: Reprogramming the Regenerative Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Elixir of Life

Beyret

Redondo

Platero-Luengo

et al. 2018

Circulation Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

All living beings undergo systemic physiological decline after ontogeny, characterized as aging. Modern medicine has increased the life expectancy, yet this has created an aged society that has more predisposition to degenerative disorders. Therefore, novel interventions that aim to extend the healthspan in parallel to the life span are needed. Regeneration ability of living beings maintains their biological integrity and thus is the major leverage against aging. However, mammalian regeneration capacity is low and further declines during aging. Therefore, modalities that reinforce regeneration can antagonize aging. Recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine have shown that aging is not an irreversible process. Conversion of somatic cells to embryonic-like pluripotent cells demonstrated that the differentiated state and age of a cell is not fixed. Identification of the pluripotency-inducing factors subsequently ignited the idea that cellular features can be reprogrammed by defined factors that specify the desired outcome. The last decade consequently has witnessed a plethora of studies that modify cellular features including the hallmarks of aging in addition to cellular function and identity in a variety of cell types in vitro. Recently, some of these reprogramming strategies have been directly used in animal models in pursuit of rejuvenation and cell replacement. Here, we review these in vivo reprogramming efforts and discuss their potential use to extend the longevity by complementing or augmenting the regenerative capacity.

show abstract

Adult Stem Cells in Tissue Homeostasis and Disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 112 publications

Lawsonia intracellularis infected enterocytes lack sucrase-isomaltase which contributes to reduced pig digestive capacity

Lawsonia intracellularis infected enterocytes lack sucrase-isomaltase which contributes to reduced pig digestive capacity

The Potential Role of miRNAs in Cognitive Frailty

Elixir of Life

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About