Adult Stem Cells from the Hyaluronic Acid-Rich Node and Duct System Differentiate into Neuronal Cells and Repair Brain Injury

Lee, Seung Joon; Park, Sang H.; Kim, Yu I.; Hwang, Sunhee; Kwon, Patrick; Han, In Sun; Kwon, Byoung S.

doi:10.1089/scd.2014.0142

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This value agrees well with the frequency of proliferation of the mice CNS progenitor cells into the multipotent CNS neurospheres that are found to be in a range of 1.5–3.3% [ 75 ]. The frequency of proliferation and cell forming found by Kim [ 7 ] is in a good agreement with the recently reported frequency of forming neurospheres from the p-microcells obtained from the mouse's intravascular primo-nodes and vessels [ 76 ]. The authors stated that they produced 176 spheres from 1000 cells per 7 days.…”

Section: Primo-vascular Systemssupporting

confidence: 90%

Primo-Vascular System as Presented by Bong Han Kim

Vodyanoy

Pustovyy²,

Globa³

et al. 2015

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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In the 1960s Bong Han Kim discovered and characterized a new vascular system. He was able to differentiate it clearly from vascular blood and lymph systems by the use of a variety of methods, which were available to him in the mid-20th century. He gave detailed characterization of the system and created comprehensive diagrams and photographs in his publications. He demonstrated that this system is composed of nodes and vessels, and it was responsible for tissue regeneration. However, he did not disclose in detail his methods. Consequently, his results are relatively obscure from the vantage point of contemporary scientists. The stains that Kim used had been perfected and had been in use for more than 100 years. Therefore, the names of the stains were directed to the explicit protocols for the usage with the particular cells or molecules. Traditionally, it was not normally necessary to describe the method used unless it is significantly deviated from the original method. In this present work, we have been able to disclose staining methods used by Kim.

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Section: Primo-vascular Systemssupporting

confidence: 90%

Primo-Vascular System as Presented by Bong Han Kim

Vodyanoy

Pustovyy²,

Globa³

et al. 2015

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…This idea is supported by the recent detection of hematopoietic stem cells [7] and, more importantly, small embryonic-like stem cells in the PVS [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Protocol for Detecting the Primo Vascular System in the Lymph Ducts of Mice

Park

Jung

Bae

et al. 2015

Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies

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The primo vascular system (PVS), which is the proposed conduit for the acupuncture Qi, is a complex network distributed throughout an animal's body. However, even with a microscope, it is not easily detectable because of its transparency. Thus, its existence is largely unknown in current anatomy. A convincing demonstration of its existence is needed. The lymph-primo vessel (PV), which is a subsystem of the PVS, is a very effective visual demonstration of the PVS. The lymph-PVS is a mobile threadlike structure floating in lymph ducts that has been observed in rabbits, rats, and mice by several independent teams. The involved techniques are novel and rather complicated; therefore, we have already provided detailed protocols for the surgery; for the injection of the staining dye; and for the detection, extraction, and identification of the PVS in rabbits and rats. However, the mouse is one of the most important laboratory animals used for various biomedical research purposes. For the convenience of researchers who wish to initiate the PVS experiments in mice, we provide a shortened version of the protocol, despite many similarities with previously published protocols. Thus, researcher can easily obtain the samples of the lymph-PVS of mice.

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“…For instance, the Bonghan systems in the peripheral nervous systems and the RNA substance inside the BD or BC have not been reported. In addition, the MRTs found some kinds of cells, which partly resembled the cells from the BRT paper inside the internal Bonghan systems, such as immune cells and hematopoietic cells through a TEM observation or immunohistochemical analysis [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Experimental Methods for Identifying Bonghan Systems as a Basis for Korean Medicine: Focusing on Visual Materials from Original Papers and Modern Outcomes

Kim

Lee

2015

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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In the 1960s, through studies on Korean Medicine, Bonghan Kim proposed the Bonghan systems (BS) as the anatomical reality of the acupuncture meridians based on various experimental data. Since 2002, several groups, mainly led by a team at Seoul National University, who renamed the BS as the primo vascular system (PVS), have published around 70 papers showing biological structures corresponding to the BS. However, it is still difficult for other researchers to find them, especially under the skin, which Bonghan Kim first reported as acupuncture points, due to similar-looking biological tissues, for example, the lymphatic vessels, and such artifacts as blood clots or fascia debris. To solve these drawbacks, we examined the main methods for identifying the BS by comparing the original papers with the modern outcomes in terms of the common physical/chemical characteristics of the BS. In addition, effective methods of staining and microscopic observations discovered by modern teams are synthetically explained using visual materials such as diagrams and photos. Through the essentially organized methods in this review paper, we suggest that one can find the BS under the skin as putative acupuncture points by tracing the intraexternal BS, from which a new Korean Medicine will be born.

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Adult Stem Cells from the Hyaluronic Acid-Rich Node and Duct System Differentiate into Neuronal Cells and Repair Brain Injury

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Primo-Vascular System as Presented by Bong Han Kim

Primo-Vascular System as Presented by Bong Han Kim

Protocol for Detecting the Primo Vascular System in the Lymph Ducts of Mice

Essential Experimental Methods for Identifying Bonghan Systems as a Basis for Korean Medicine: Focusing on Visual Materials from Original Papers and Modern Outcomes

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