Adult sacrococcygeal teratoma: A review

Guo, Jia-Xing; Zhao, Jun; Bao, Ying-Na

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032410

Cited by 15 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Evaluation by an expert sonologist revealed a solid tumor, 34 mm in maximum diameter, in the left presacral space, medial to the sacral nerve root. This was presumed to be a presacral teratoma that was atypical in appearance, and for which malignant transformation could not be excluded 41 (Figure 5, Videoclip S4). Core needle biopsy revealed a schwannoma, which, on monitoring with transvaginal ultrasound over a 3‐year period, showed no significant change in morphology or size, increasing in size by just 1.5 mm/year.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging in gynecological disease (26): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of benign retroperitoneal pelvic peripheral‐nerve‐sheath tumors

Fischerová

Santos²,

Wong

et al. 2023

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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ObjectiveTo describe the clinical and sonographic characteristics of benign, retroperitoneal, pelvic peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST).MethodsThis was a retrospective, single, gynecologic oncology center study conducted between 1 January 2018 and 31 August 2022. All ultrasound images, clips, and final specimens of benign PNSTs were reviewed by the authors to describe (1) the ultrasound appearance of the tumors using the terminology of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA), Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment (MUSA) and Vulvar International Tumor Analysis (VITA) groups on a predefined ultrasound assessment form, (2) the origin of the tumors in relation to nerves and pelvic anatomy, and (3) the correlation between ultrasound features and histotopograms. A review of literature on benign, retroperitoneal, pelvic PNSTs with preoperative ultrasound examination was performed.ResultsFive women (mean age 53 years) with benign, retroperitoneal, pelvic PNSTs were identified: four with schwannomas and one with a neurofibroma, all of which were sporadic and solitary. All patients had good quality ultrasound images and clips and final biopsies of surgically excised tumors, except for one patient managed conservatively with a tru‐cut biopsy. In four of these cases, the findings were incidental. Size range for the five PNSTs was from 31‐50 mm. All five PNSTs were solid, moderately vascular tumors, with non‐uniform echogenicity, well‐circumscribed by hyperechogenic epineurium, and had no acoustic shadowing. Most of the masses were round (n = 4 (80%)), and contained small, irregular, anechoic, cystic spaces (n = 3 (60%)), and hyperechoic areas (n = 4 (80%)). A literature search identified 47 cases of retroperitoneal schwannomas and neurofibromas, the characteristics of which were compared with the cases in our series.ConclusionsOn ultrasound, benign PNSTs were solid, non‐uniform, moderately vascular tumors without acoustic shadowing. Most were round, containing small, irregular, anechoic, cystic spaces, and hyperechoic areas, consistent with degenerative changes on pathology. All tumors were well‐circumscribed by a hyperechogenic rim composed of epineurium. No imaging characteristics reliably differentiated between schwannomas and neurofibromas. In fact, they overlap with the ultrasound appearance of malignant tumors. Hence, ultrasound‐guided biopsy plays a pivotal role in diagnosis, and if confirmed as benign PNSTs, these tumors can undergo ultrasound surveillance.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging in gynecological disease (26): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of benign retroperitoneal pelvic peripheral‐nerve‐sheath tumors

Fischerová

Santos²,

Wong

et al. 2023

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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“…3 A lack of early detection is associated with increased risk of fetal morbidity and mortality highlighting the importance of initial screening and diagnosis, to determine prognosis and clinical outcomes. 1 According to the Altman Classification of the American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section, SCTs are classified into four types based on location: 2,10…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare fetal neoplasm, with an incidence of 1 in 20 000–1 in 40 000 live births and is derived from embryonic pluripotent stem cells, in the Henson node, at the front of the coccyx. 1,2 It is the most common congenital tumor affecting a fetus and carries a high risk of perinatal complications. 3 Perinatal mortality may result from tumor rupture, hemorrhage, labor dystocia and preterm labor, which can cause associated polyhydramnios or uterine distension, from the tumor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,8 In contrast, a smaller percentage of cases (1%–2%) have a malignant potential with a poor prognosis. 2,3 Malignant tumors, such as a yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and an embryonal carcinoma have been reported. 9 Histologically, SCT can be classified into three categories: mature teratomas, immature teratomas, and malignant teratomas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the Altman Classification of the American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section, SCTs are classified into four types based on location: 2,10…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sonographic Diagnosis and Clinical Management of a Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: A Case Report

Akbar,

Alenezi

2023

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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A sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is one of the most common fetal extragonadal germ cell neoplasms and carries high risk of maternal and perinatal complications. An example of a fetal SCT, associated with polyhydramnios, is presented in this case report. An antenatal surveillance sonogram revealed an increase in the size of the teratoma size and the amniotic fluid index. The patient underwent Cesarean delivery and postnatally, the infant’s teratoma was surgically excised. The pathologic examination of the specimen revealed a benign mature teratoma. This case demonstrated the important role that serial sonography had in monitoring this fetal pathology. Prenatal fetal sonographic assessment can play an important role for patients who need counseling and surgical planning.

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Paediatric sacrococcygeal teratoma detected by transperineal sonography

Roche,

McEniery

2024

Sonography

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The value of transperineal ultrasound to women's imaging of pelvic floor prolapse or perineal trauma is extensively documented. 1,2 The midsagittal two-dimensional transperineal ultrasound scan plane while simple to obtain, is difficult to interpret without prior knowledge of pelvic floor sonoanatomy. While transabdominal pelvic ultrasound is routinely taught within tertiary ultrasound courses, hands-on experience performing transperineal ultrasound remains dependent on the patient demographic within the imaging department, clinically relevant requests, adequate supervision, and patient consent. These factors can limit exposure and opportunity to gain proficiency and confidence with pelvic floor ultrasound. Even if the operator has adequate skill and experience in adult pelvic floor ultrasounds, a paediatric patient may be poorly compliant and technically challenging. Nevertheless, the transperineal ultrasound can offer many advantages when performed in the paediatric population.Literature on pelvic floor ultrasound in the paediatric population is relatively scarce. High-resolution midsagittal ultrasound over the perineum with a linear or curvilinear transducer can demonstrate the pubic symphysis, lower bladder and urethra, vagina, lower rectum and anal sphincters in a singular imaging plane. 1 Normal anatomy is outlined in Figure 1.

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Adult sacrococcygeal teratoma: A review

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Imaging in gynecological disease (26): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of benign retroperitoneal pelvic peripheral‐nerve‐sheath tumors

Imaging in gynecological disease (26): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of benign retroperitoneal pelvic peripheral‐nerve‐sheath tumors

The Sonographic Diagnosis and Clinical Management of a Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: A Case Report

Paediatric sacrococcygeal teratoma detected by transperineal sonography

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