Adult Recollections of Childhood Memories: What Details can be Recalled?

Wells, Christine; Morrison, Catriona M.

doi:10.1080/17470218.2013.856451

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Perhaps adults set a higher bar and only report detailed memories, whereas children may accept more sketchy fragments as memories. In line with this, a study instructing adult participants to only report memories that they were certain to remember yielded relatively late memories (i.e., older than age 6 on average; Wells, Morrison, & Conway, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Manipulating the reported age in earliest memories

Wessel¹,

Schweig

Huntjens³

2017

Memory

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mentioning

confidence: 84%

Manipulating the reported age in earliest memories

Wessel¹,

Schweig

Huntjens³

2017

Memory

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“…In spite of their central role within the widely used WWWhen paradigm, humans rarely use specific temporal cues when remembering episodes, relying instead on non-temporal information e.g. information about the weather, people who were there, and environmental context (Friedman, 1993;Wagenaar, 1986;Wells et al 2014). Clearly, both temporal and non-temporal identifiers of an event can be thought of as sources that specify conditions under which memories were encoded (Johnson et al 1993), and can be interrogated using standard human memory paradigms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disambiguating past events: Accurate source memory for time and context depends on different retrieval processes

Persson

Ainge

O'Connor

2016

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Please cite this article as: Persson, B.M., Ainge, J.A., O'Connor, A.R., Disambiguating past events: Accurate source memory for time and context depends on different retrieval processes, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (2016), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.nlm.2016.05.002 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. These models aim to capture the testable features of the definition of human episodic memory which stresses the temporal component of the memory as a unique piece of source information that allows us to disambiguate one memory from another. Recently though, it has been suggested that a more accurate model of human episodic memory would include contextual rather than temporal source information, as humans' memory for time is relatively poor. Here, two experiments were carried out investigating human memory for temporal and contextual source information, along with the underlying dual process retrieval processes, using an immersive virtual environment paired with a 'Remember-Know' memory task. Experiment 1 (n = 28) showed that contextual information could only be retrieved accurately using recollection, while temporal information could be retrieved using either recollection or familiarity.Experiment 2 (n = 24), which used a more difficult task, resulting in reduced item recognition rates and therefore less potential for contamination by ceiling effects, replicated the pattern of results from Experiment 1. Dual process theory predicts that it should only be possible to retrieve source context from an event using recollection, and our results are consistent with this prediction. That temporal information can be retrieved using familiarity alone suggests that it may be incorrect to view temporal context as analogous to other typically used source contexts. This latter finding supports the alternative proposal that time since presentation may simply be reflected in the strength of memory trace at retrieval -a measure ideally suited to trace strength interrogation using familiarity, as is typically conceptualised within the dual process framework.

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“…Since the end of the 20th century, criminal courts in Canada have faced the extraordinary challenge of adjudicating cases of CSA that were alleged to have happened years or decades earlier (Connolly & Read, ). Such prosecutions, known as historic CSA, or HCSA, are common in Canada, some American states, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Europe (Lewis, ; Wells, Morrison, & Conway, ). That CSA disclosures are delayed is disturbing but not surprising; approximately two‐thirds of child victims delay disclosing their abuse and about half of those do not disclose until adulthood (Finkelhor, Hotaling, Lewis, & Smith, ; Goodman et al , ; London, Bruck, Wright, & Ceci, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Delays of Days to Decades to Criminal Prosecutions of Child Sexual Abuse

Connolly¹,

Chong

Coburn

et al. 2015

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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Until the latter part of the 20th century, legal doctrines made it almost impossible to successfully prosecute in criminal court a case involving child sexual abuse (CSA), whether the complaint was timely or delayed. Many English-speaking countries have abrogated most formal legal barriers to prosecuting CSA cases, and courts are faced with the singular challenge of adjudicating sexual offenses against children that are reported to have happened years or decades earlier. We conducted analyses of 4,237 criminal complaints of CSA heard in Canadian criminal courts. There were several differences between timely and delayed prosecutions that led us to conclude that delayed prosecutions of CSA are common and due, in part, to the nature of the offense. Offense duration was associated with longer delays to prosecution. When the accused had access to the child through his position in the community, length of delay to prosecution was very long, particularly for male complainants. More research is needed on delayed CSA prosecutions, particularly given an apparent trend for jurisdictions to abolish barriers to criminal prosecutions of CSA that occurred years or decades earlier.

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Adult Recollections of Childhood Memories: What Details can be Recalled?

Cited by 39 publications

References 30 publications

Manipulating the reported age in earliest memories

Manipulating the reported age in earliest memories

Disambiguating past events: Accurate source memory for time and context depends on different retrieval processes

Factors Associated with Delays of Days to Decades to Criminal Prosecutions of Child Sexual Abuse

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