Adult Neural Stem Cells in Development, Regeneration, and Aging

Zupanc, Günther K.H.; Monaghan, James R.; Stocum, David L.

doi:10.1002/dneu.22702

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…To observe the differentiation of newborn NSCs into neurons ( Zupanc et al, 2019 ), we double-labeled with anti-BrdU (red) and NeuN (neuron specific protein; green) ( Gusel’nikova and Korzhevskiy, 2015 ) antibodies. After 7 days (Day 35) and 14 days (Day 42) of drug intervention, the number of newborn neurons in the DG of the hippocampus in each group was significantly different between the groups ( Figures 8A–C ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of the similarities between depression and anxiety disorders in pathophysiological mechanisms and neuroanatomical changes ( Hettema, 2008 ), we speculate that neuronal apoptosis and neuronal regeneration disorder in the hippocampus of GAD rats found in the previous team’s research are also important pathological mechanisms leading to GAD. Hippocampal newborn neurons do not appear spontaneously; they are the result of proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the granular cell layer (subgranular cells of the dentate gyrus, SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus ( Aguilar-Arredondo et al, 2015 ; Zupanc et al, 2019 ). The maintenance of neural stem cell proliferation and its differentiation direction and timing are regulated by the Notch signaling pathway ( Lutolf et al, 2002 ; Niessen and Karsan, 2007 ), which are expressed in the two neurogenic sites of the SGZ and the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the adult brain ( Stump et al, 2002 ), and participate in adult neurogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder Promotes Neuronal Regeneration by Downregulating Notch Signaling Pathway in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Liu

Ying

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common types of anxiety disorders with unclear pathogenesis. Our team’s previous research found that extensive neuronal apoptosis and neuronal regeneration disorders occur in the hippocampus of GAD rats. Danzhi Xiaoyao (DZXYS) Powder can improve the anxiety behavior of rats, but its molecular mechanism is not well understood.Objective: This paper discusses whether the pathogenesis of GAD is related to the abnormal expression of Notch signal pathway, and whether the anti-anxiety effect of DZXYS promotes nerve regeneration in the hippocampus by regulating the Notch signaling pathway.Methods: The animal model of GAD was developed by the chronic restraint stress and uncertain empty bottle stimulation method. After the model was successfully established, the rats in the model preparation group were divided into the buspirone, DZXYS, DZXYS + DAPT, and model groups, and were administered the corresponding drug intervention. The changes in body weight and food intake of rats were continuously monitored throughout the process. The changes in anxiety behavior of rats were measured by open field experiment and elevated plus-maze test, and morphological changes and regeneration of neurons in the rat hippocampus were observed by HE staining and double immunofluorescence staining. Changes in the expression of key targets of the Notch signaling pathway in the hippocampus were monitored by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blotting.Results: In this study, we verified that the GAD model was stable and reliable, and found that the key targets of the Notch signaling pathway (Notch1, Hes1, Hes5, etc.) in the hippocampus of GAD rats were significantly upregulated, leading to the increased proliferation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus and increased differentiation into astrocytes, resulting in neuronal regeneration. DZXYS intervention in GAD rats can improve appetite, promote weight growth, and significantly reverse the anxiety behavior of GAD rats, which can inhibit the upregulation of key targets of the Notch signaling pathway, promote the differentiation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus into neurons, and inhibit their differentiation into astrocytes, thus alleviating anxiety behavior.Conclusion: The occurrence of GAD is closely related to the upregulation of the Notch signaling pathway, which hinders the regeneration of normal neurons in the hippocampus, while DZXYS can downregulate the Notch signaling pathway and promote neuronal regeneration in the hippocampus, thereby relieving anxiety behavior.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder Promotes Neuronal Regeneration by Downregulating Notch Signaling Pathway in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Liu

Ying

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…In science, in particular, CA physics can be used to model the motion of particles and other problems related to quantum physics [24]. In the field of biology, CA is used to model biological cells [25].…”

Section: B Entrepreneurship Model By Gemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Cellular Automata-based Entrepreneurial Growth Simulator

Nugraheni

Natali

2021

JOIV : Int. J. Inform. Visualization

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Entrepreneurship plays an essential role in the economic growth of a country. These roles include creating jobs, reducing unemployment, increasing people's income, combining production factors (nature, labor, capital, and expertise), and increasing national productivity. For the economy to thrive and healthy, it requires at least 4% of the population who work as entrepreneurs. Due to this vital role, entrepreneurial growth must be maintained. One of the efforts to do this is by monitoring growth directly and continuously. Besides that, another way is to do a simulation. By knowing the condition of entrepreneurship at one time and all the factors that affect entrepreneurial growth, simulations can be carried out to determine or predict future conditions. Based on this simulation, essential steps can be taken, or policies can be made to maintain profitable entrepreneurial growth. This paper presents a mathematical model that can simulate and visualize entrepreneurship's growth in six provinces of Sumatra Island, Indonesia. This mathematical model uses cellular automata as its basis and is called Entrepreneurial Cellular Automata (ECA). One of the advantages of Cellular Automata is that it is easy to visualize. The entrepreneurial model used as a reference is a model from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring (GEM). This mathematical model has been implemented in a simulator program. This paper describes the simulator development and the use of simulator to simulate and visualize the entrepreneurial growth of the six provinces.

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Adult Neural Stem Cells in Development, Regeneration, and Aging

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder Promotes Neuronal Regeneration by Downregulating Notch Signaling Pathway in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder Promotes Neuronal Regeneration by Downregulating Notch Signaling Pathway in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The Development of Cellular Automata-based Entrepreneurial Growth Simulator

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