Adult mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes: Sources, characteristics, and application in regenerative medicine

Maqsood, Maria; Kang, Mingzhu; Wu, Xiao‐Tao; Chen, Jinghua; Teng, Liping; Qiu, Lipeng

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118002

Cited by 130 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…It is also worth noting the excellent properties of exosomes for tissue regeneration, especially in bone and cartilage, skin, cardiac and neural tissues. [ 180–182 ] The microRNA of exosomes plays an important role in this activity and their identification allows them to be encapsulated in the vesicles for therapeutic use. [ 183 ]…”

Section: Perspectives On Clinical Applications Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also worth noting the excellent properties of exosomes for tissue regeneration, especially in bone and cartilage, skin, cardiac and neural tissues. [180][181][182] The microRNA of exosomes plays an important role in this activity and their identification allows them to be encapsulated in the vesicles for therapeutic use. [183] A great future is foreseen for these applications and there are clinical trials underway for the use of mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes in the repair of macula holes (NCT0347759), as well as the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (NCT 0 338 4433) and Alzheimer's Disease (NCT 0 438 8982).…”

Section: Perspectives On Clinical Applications Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Exosomes‐Based Drug Delivery Systems

Gutiérrez-Millán

Díaz

Lanao

et al. 2020

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles, are important mediators of long‐distance intercellular communication and are involved in a diverse range of biological processes such as the transport of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Researchers, seeing the problems caused by the toxic effects and clearance of synthetic nanoparticles, consider exosomes as an interesting alternative to such nanoparticles in the specific and controlled transport of drugs. In recent years, there have been remarkable advances in the use of exosomes in cancer therapeutics or for treating neurological diseases, among other applications. The objective of this work is to analyze studies focused on exosomes used in drug delivery system, present and future applications in this field of research are discussed based on the results obtained.

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Section: Perspectives On Clinical Applications Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectives On Clinical Applications Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Exosomes‐Based Drug Delivery Systems

Gutiérrez-Millán

Díaz

Lanao

et al. 2020

Macromolecular Bioscience

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“…To examine the effect of SKP-SC-EVs on promoting the axonal outgrowth of motoneurons, EVs were added into the culture medium at 4 h after motoneuron inoculation, then the axonal outgrowth in culture dishes was observed at 12, 24, and 36 h after treatment with different concentrations of EVs (0.5×10 8 , 1×10 8 , 2×10 8 , 4×10 8 , and 8×10 8 particles/mL). Afterwards, the axonal outgrowth of motoneurons in a microfluidic device was observed at 72 h after EV treatment daily, at a preferred concentration.…”

Section: Culture Of Motoneurons and Promoting Of Axonal Outgrowthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, multiple efforts are underway in developing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)-derived EVs as therapeutic agents (7,8). Besides MSCs, a number of other cell types with stem-cell-like properties are associated with neuroprotective and neuroreparative potential, and can also be harnessed for therapeutic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles from skin precursor-derived Schwann cells promote axonal outgrowth and regeneration of motoneurons via Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway

Wu¹,

Wang²,

Ma³

et al. 2020

Ann Transl Med

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Background: Skin precursor-derived Schwann cells (SKP-SCs) have been shown to benefit the recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) and peripheral nerve injury (PNI) with motor dysfunction. However, the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from SKP-SCs responsible for neuroregeneration remains unknown.Methods: Based on the obtainment and identification of rat SKP-SCs and their derived EVs, the primary rat injury model of motoneurons resulting from axotomy in vitro or nerve crush in vivo, as well as the secondary rat ischemic hypoxic injury model of motoneuron exposure to oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) in vitro, were treated with EVs from skin precursor-derived Schwann cells (SKP-SC-EVs), respectively.Then, the axonal outgrowth and regrowth was observed and compared, and cell viability as well as the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70 S6 kinase (Akt/mTOR/p70S6K) signaling pathway was detected, moreover, rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) was used to further reveal the underlying molecular mechanism.Results: The internalization of SKP-SC-EVs by neuronal cells was identified in vitro and in vivo. Besides the pro-axonal outgrowth effect of SKP-SC-EVs, prospectively, the treatment of OGD-injured motoneurons with SKP-SC-EVs potentiated the restoration of neuronal viability and axonal regrowth. Furthermore, the axotomizing injury could be improved with SKP-SC-EVs treatment in vitro and in vivo. Finally, it was shown that the application of SKP-SC-EVs could activate the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway that can be abolished by rapamycin.Conclusions: In summary, the addition of SKP-SC-EVs could regulate the cell growth and death signaling pathway mediated by Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, owing to the transmission of cargos in EVs to damaged motoneurons, which leads to axonal regrowth and neuronal resurrection. Thus, SKP-SC-EVs treatment could be a novel promising strategy for improving the axonal outgrowth and regeneration of motoneurons.

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“…(1) How to select cells with strong ability to secrete exosomes? The scaffold used with MSCs provides an ideal environment for the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs [130] [131]. However, there is no research on the inducing factors involved in this mechanism.…”

Section: Conclusion and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome: A Novel Nanocarrier Delivering Noncoding RNA for Bone Tissue Engineering

Liu

Cao

Zhu

et al. 2020

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Bone growth and metabolism are mainly regulated by a series of intracellular molecules and extracellular stimuli. Exosome, as a nanoscale substance secreted to the outside of the cells, plays an extensive role in intercellular communication. This review provides theoretical references and evidences for further exploration of exosomes as noncoding RNA carriers to regulate bone tissue recovery through the following aspects: (1) basic characteristics of exosomes, (2) research progress of exosomal noncoding RNA in bone tissue engineering, (3) current status and advantages of engineering exosomes as nanocarriers for noncoding RNA delivery, and (4) problems and application prospects of exosome therapy in the field of orthopedics.

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Adult mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes: Sources, characteristics, and application in regenerative medicine

Cited by 130 publications

References 62 publications

Advances in Exosomes‐Based Drug Delivery Systems

Advances in Exosomes‐Based Drug Delivery Systems

Extracellular vesicles from skin precursor-derived Schwann cells promote axonal outgrowth and regeneration of motoneurons via Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway

Exosome: A Novel Nanocarrier Delivering Noncoding RNA for Bone Tissue Engineering

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