Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in aging and Alzheimer's disease

Varela-Nallar, Lorena; Aranguiz, Florencia C.; Abbott, Ana C.; Slater, Paula G.; Inestrosa, Nibaldo C.

doi:10.1002/bdrc.20193

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…In addition, adult-born neurons are involved in certain aspects of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, such as spatial memory, pattern separation and contextual fear conditioning [54,55]. A decrease in neurogenesis is a feature in the pathology of several neurological disorders [56,57]. Reminiscent of the altered levels of insulin in the MetS condition, it has been reported that insulin plays a central role in the formation of new neurons in the brain [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose consumption reduces hippocampal synaptic plasticity underlying cognitive performance

Cisternas

Salazar

Serrano

et al. 2015

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Diseas

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global epidemic, which involves a spectrum of metabolic disorders comprising diabetes and obesity. The impact of MetS on the brain is becoming to be a concern, however, the poor understanding of mechanisms involved has limited the development of therapeutic strategies. We induced a MetS-like condition by exposing mice to fructose feeding for 7 weeks. There was a dramatic deterioration in the capacity of the hippocampus to sustain synaptic plasticity in the forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Mice exposed to fructose showed a reduction in the number of contact zones and the size of postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in the hippocampus, as well as a decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis. There was an increase in lipid peroxidation likely associated with a deficiency in plasma membrane excitability. Consistent with an overall hippocampal dysfunction, there was a subsequent decrease in hippocampal dependent learning and memory performance, i.e., spatial learning and episodic memory. Most of the pathological sequel of MetS in the brain was reversed three month after discontinue fructose feeding. These results are novel to show that MetS triggers a cascade of molecular events, which disrupt hippocampal functional plasticity, and specific aspects of learning and memory function. The overall information raises concerns about the risk imposed by excessive fructose consumption on the pathology of neurological disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose consumption reduces hippocampal synaptic plasticity underlying cognitive performance

Cisternas

Salazar

Serrano

et al. 2015

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Diseas

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“…Such effects include an increase in the number of astrocytes and the amount of glial fibrillary acidic protein, reflecting gliosis in the aged brain (O'Callaghan and Miller 1991;Goss et al 1991;Bronson et al 1993;Linnemann and Skarsfelt 1994;Kohama et al 1995); a region-specific loss of neurons (Brody 1980;Devaney and Johnson 1980;Kiatipattanasakul et al 1996;Anglade et al 1997;Sjöbeck et al 1999;Smith et al 2004;Baskerville et al 2006); and an increase in the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of apoptotic cell death (Obonai et al 1998;Pañeda et al 2003). Another hallmark of gradual brain senescence is a dramatic agerelated decline in the generation of new neurons in the adult brain (for reviews see Galvan and Jin 2007;Jessberger and Gage 2008;Shruster et al 2010;Varela-Nallar et al 2010;Couillard-Despres et al 2011;Lee et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Indeterminate body growth and lack of gonadal decline in the brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotusleptorhynchus), an organism exhibiting negligible brain senescence

2014

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The brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus (Ellis in Eigenmann, 1912)) is the only vertebrate organism identified thus far that exhibits negligible brain senescence. The present study examines the basic growth patterns of this species, testing the hypothesis that indeterminate growth and lack of reproductive senescence correlate with negligible senescence. Analysis of length-mass relationships revealed negative allometric growth in males and isometric growth in females. Total length at first sexual maturity was 13.5 cm in males and 12.0 cm in females, whereas gonadal mass was 0.02 g in males and 0.2 g in females. Modelling of total length as a function of the number of otolith rings using attenuating growth equations revealed that lengths of up to 26.8 cm in males and 20.2 cm in females can be reached, indicating that the fish continue to grow throughout life. Gonadal mass increased significantly with age in sexually immature individuals of both sexes. In sexually mature fish, gonadal mass showed a marginal increase with age in males and no change in females. The demonstration of indeterminate growth of the fish and of the lack of gonadal regression with age has important implications for the characterization of brown ghost knifefish as a model of negligible senescence.Résumé : Le poisson-couteau brun (Apteronotus leptorhynchus (Ellis in Eigenmann, 1912)) est le seul organisme vertébré identifié à ce jour qui présente une sénescence négligeable du cerveau. L'étude se penche sur les motifs de croissance de base de cette espèce afin de vérifier l'hypothèse voulant que la croissance indéterminée et l'absence de sénescence reproductrice soient corrélées à une sénescence négligeable. L'analyse des relations longueur-masse a révélé une croissance allométrique négative chez les mâles et une croissance isométrique chez les femelles. La longueur totale à l'atteinte de la maturité sexuelle était de 13,5 cm pour les mâles et de 12,0 cm pour les femelles, alors que la masse des gonades était de 0,02 g pour les mâles et de 0,2 g pour les femelles. La modélisation de la longueur totale en fonction du nombre d'anneaux d'otolithe à l'aide d'équations d'atténuation de la croissance a révélé que des longueurs de jusqu'à 26,8 cm pour les mâles et 20,2 cm pour les femelles peuvent être atteintes, ce qui indique que les poissons continuent de croître tout au long de leur vie. La masse des gonades augmentait de manière significative avec l'âge chez les individus sexuellement immatures des deux sexes. Chez les poissons sexuellement matures, la masse des gonades présentait une augmentation marginale avec l'âge chez les mâles et aucun changement chez les femelles. La démonstration de la croissance indéterminée de ces poissons et l'absence de régression des gonades avec l'âge ont d'importantes conséquences en ce qui concerne la caractérisation du poisson-couteau brun en tant que modèle de sénescence négligeable. [Traduit par la Rédaction]Mots-clés : neurogénèse adulte, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, poisson-couteau brun, croissance ...

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“…Several studies have confirmed that the hippocampus shrinks with age (West 1993;Allen et al 2005;Greenberg et al 2008;Jernigan et al 2001;Mu et al 1999;Raz et al 2004;Scahill et al 2003;Schuff et al 1999;Walhovd et al 2005Walhovd et al , 2011. Further, evaluations of the hippocampus in humans have shown that the DG is indeed quite vulnerable to aging (Mueller et al 2008;Varela-Nallar et al 2010). Similarly, non-human primates (Gazzaley et al 1996;Small et al 2002Small et al , 2004 and rodents (Small et al 2004;Moreno et al 2007) have also shown the DG vulnerability to aging (Chawla and Barnes 2007;Varela-Nallar et al 2010).…”

Section: Aging: the Old Bag Of Tricksmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Further, evaluations of the hippocampus in humans have shown that the DG is indeed quite vulnerable to aging (Mueller et al 2008;Varela-Nallar et al 2010). Similarly, non-human primates (Gazzaley et al 1996;Small et al 2002Small et al , 2004 and rodents (Small et al 2004;Moreno et al 2007) have also shown the DG vulnerability to aging (Chawla and Barnes 2007;Varela-Nallar et al 2010). A significant relationship exists between the development of AD and premorbid hippocampal volume.…”

Section: Aging: the Old Bag Of Tricksmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role of Stress, Depression, and Aging in Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease

Daulatzai

2014

Behavioral Neurobiology of Stress-Related Disorders

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Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of progressive cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Despite considerable progress in elucidating the molecular pathology of this disease, we are not yet close to unraveling its etiopathogenesis. A battery of neurotoxic modifiers may underpin neurocognitive pathology via deleterious heterogeneous pathologic impact in brain regions, including the hippocampus. Three important neurotoxic factors being addressed here include aging, stress, and depression. Unraveling "upstream pathologies" due to these disparate neurotoxic entities, vis-à-vis cognitive impairment involving hippocampal dysfunction, is of paramount importance. Persistent systemic inflammation triggers and sustains neuroinflammation. The latter targets several brain regions including the hippocampus causing upregulation of amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic and neuronal degeneration, gray matter volume atrophy, and progressive cognitive decline. However, what is the fundamental source of this peripheral inflammation in aging, stress, and depression? This chapter highlights and delineates the inflammatory involvement-i.e., from its inception from gut to systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation. It highlights an upregulated cascade in which gut-microbiota-related dysbiosis generates lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which enhances inflammation and gut's leakiness, and through a Web of interactions, it induces stress and depression. This may increase neuronal dysfunction and apoptosis, promote learning and memory impairment, and enhance vulnerability to cognitive decline.

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Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in aging and Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 50 publications

References 155 publications

Fructose consumption reduces hippocampal synaptic plasticity underlying cognitive performance

Fructose consumption reduces hippocampal synaptic plasticity underlying cognitive performance

Indeterminate body growth and lack of gonadal decline in the brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotusleptorhynchus), an organism exhibiting negligible brain senescence

Role of Stress, Depression, and Aging in Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease

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