Adult height and mortality in London: early life, socioeconomic confounding, or shrinkage?

Leon, David A.; Smith, George Davey; Shipley, Martin J.; Strachan, D P

doi:10.1136/jech.49.1.5

Cited by 143 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Some diseases could lead to a loss of height either due to disc space compression, or because of inability to stretch during height measurement, as may occur in the case of chronic respiratory diseases. 19 It is unlikely that a loss of height due to high blood pressure or related diseases would explain our results, since we found that height was inversely associated with SBP, but directly associated with DBP. Reverse causality as an explanation for the association between the measures of obesity and blood pressure can also be ruled out as blood pressure is highly unlikely to affect body mass index or waist-to-hip ratio.…”

Section: Data Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…16,17 The independent association of short stature with increased PP suggests that PP could be a potential mediator of the relation between short stature and increased risk of coronary heart disease that has been seen in many studies. 4,19 This would also explain the paradox of the consistent findings about the relation between height and coronary heart disease and the inconsistent findings about the association of short stature with SBP and DBP.…”

Section: Pulse Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure In Older Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, height, and obesity on pulse pressure and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older people

et al. 2005

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This study assesses the association of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, height, and obesity with components of blood pressure. We selected 4009 people representative of the Spanish population aged 60 years and older, and estimated systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) according to childhood social class, height, and obesity. No association was found between childhood social class and blood pressure. SBP showed an inverse gradient and DBP a direct gradient with height, although an independent association between height and DBP was found only in women. Stature was independently associated with increased DBP in women with central obesity, but there was no association between height and DBP in women without central obesity. Short stature was independently associated with increased PP. Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were independently associated with increased DBP in women, and waist-to-hip ratio was independently associated with increased PP in men, while waist circumference was independently associated with increased DBP and increased PP in women. These results do not support the assumed effect of socioeconomic circumstances in early life on blood pressure, which may depend on the context and/or study population. The relations observed between height and blood pressure support the hypothesis that PP could be a mediator of the association between short stature and increased cardiovascular risk. The relationship between obesity measures and components of blood pressure reinforces the recommendation to reduce body weight in order to reduce blood pressure.

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Section: Data Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Pulse Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure In Older Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, height, and obesity on pulse pressure and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older people

et al. 2005

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“…In brief, the questionnaire included enquiries regarding civil service employment grade (our indicator of socioeconomic position) (Marmot et al, 1978), smoking habits (Reid et al, 1976), intermittent claudication (Rose, 1962;Davey Smith et al, 1990), angina (Rose, 1962;Rose et al, 1977b), chronic bronchitis (Committee on the Aetiology of Chronic Bronchitis, 1965) and use of medication, including blood pressure-lowering drugs. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) (adjusted for height (Batty et al, 2002)), ischaemia (Rose et al, 1977a), fasting plasma cholesterol (Davey Smith et al, 1992), 2-h blood glucose (Jarrett et al, 1986), height (Leon et al, 1995), and weight (Jarrett et al, 1982) were determined using standardised protocols.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure and site-specific cancer mortality: evidence from the original Whitehall study

et al. 2003

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Studies relating blood pressure to cancer risk have some shortcomings and have revealed inconsistent findings. In 17 498 middle-aged London-based government employees we related systolic and diastolic blood pressure recorded at baseline examination (1967 -1970) to the risk of cancer mortality risk at 13 anatomical sites 25 years later. Following adjustment for potential confounding and mediating factors, inverse associations between blood pressure and mortality due to leukaemia and cancer of the pancreas (diastolic only) were seen. Blood pressure was also positively related to cancer of the liver and rectum (diastolic only). The statistically significant blood pressure -cancer associations seen in this large-scale prospective investigation offering high power were scarce and of sufficiently small magnitude as to be attributable to chance or confounding.

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“…There are potential confounders of observed relationships between these two anthropometric traits and mortality, 25 suggestions that the form of the relationship is nonlinear 26 and evidence of heterogeneity in associations. 27,28 We therefore do not hold strong previous hypotheses about mortalityselection bias for polygenic score associations with these phenotypes.…”

Section: Polygenic Scores and Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality selection in a genetic sample and implications for association studies

Domingue

Belsky

Harrati

et al. 2017

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Background: Mortality selection occurs when a non-random subset of a population of interest has died before data collection and is unobserved in the data. Mortality selection is of general concern in the social and health sciences, but has received little attention in genetic epidemiology. We tested the hypothesis that mortality selection may bias genetic association estimates, using data from the US-based Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Methods: We tested mortality selection into the HRS genetic database by comparing HRS respondents who survive until genetic data collection in 2006 with those who do not. We next modelled mortality selection on demographic, health and social characteristics to calculate mortality selection probability weights. We analysed polygenic score associations with several traits before and after applying inverse-probability weighting to account for mortality selection. We tested simple associations and time-varying genetic associations (i.e. gene-by-cohort interactions). Results: We observed mortality selection into the HRS genetic database on demographic, health and social characteristics. Correction for mortality selection using inverse probability weighting methods did not change simple association estimates. However, using these methods did change estimates of gene-by-cohort interaction effects. Correction for mortality selection changed gene-by-cohort interaction estimates in the opposite direction from increased mortality selection based on analysis of HRS respondents surviving through 2012.

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Adult height and mortality in London: early life, socioeconomic confounding, or shrinkage?

Abstract: Study objective -To examine in detail the cause specific associations between height and mortality.

Cited by 143 publications

References 22 publications

Influence of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, height, and obesity on pulse pressure and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older people

Influence of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, height, and obesity on pulse pressure and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older people

Blood pressure and site-specific cancer mortality: evidence from the original Whitehall study

Mortality selection in a genetic sample and implications for association studies

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