Adult attachment style. II: Its relationship to psychosocial depressive-vulnerability

Bifulco, Antonia; Morán, Patricia; Ball, C.; Lillie, A.

doi:10.1007/s127-002-8216-x

Cited by 142 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Insecure attachment style is known to predict a range of poor physical and mental health outcomes (Bifulco et al, 2002a;Bifulco et al, 2002b;Carr et al, 2013;Jinyao et al, 2012;Puig et al, 2013). The biological underpinnings of these links however are not clear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxious attachment style predicts an enhanced cortisol response to group psychosocial stress

Thorn

Oskis

Hucklebridge

et al. 2015

Stress

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Insecure attachment style is associated with poor health outcomes. A proposed pathway implicates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis), dysregulation of which is associated with a wide range of mental and physical ill-health. However data on stress reactivity in relation to attachment style is contradictory. This relationship was examined using the novel Trier Social Stress Test for groups (TSST-G): a group-based acute psychosocial stressor. Each participant, in the presence of other group members, individually performed public speaking and mental arithmetic tasks. Seventy-eight healthy young females (20.2 ± 3.2 years), in groups of up to 6 participants completed demographic information and the Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ), and were then exposed to the TSST-G. Physiological stress reactivity was assessed using salivary cortisol concentrations, measured on 7 occasions at 10-minute intervals. Vulnerable attachment predicted greater cortisol reactivity independent of age, smoking status, menstrual phase and BMI. Supplementary analysis indicated that insecure anxious attachment style (high scores on the insecurity and proximity seeking sub-scales of the VASQ) showed greater cortisol reactivity than participants with secure attachment style. Avoidant attachment style (high scores for insecurity and low scores for proximity seeking) was not significantly different from the secure attachment style. Attachment style was not associated with the timing of the cortisol peak or post-stress recovery in cortisol concentrations. These findings in healthy young females indicate subtle underlying changes in HPA axis function in relation to attachment style and may be important for future mental health and well-being.

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confidence: 99%

Anxious attachment style predicts an enhanced cortisol response to group psychosocial stress

Thorn

Oskis

Hucklebridge

et al. 2015

Stress

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“…The first phase was completed during pregnancy. The Attachment Style Interview (ASI) (Bifulco, Lillie, Ball, & Moran, 1998) was conducted by a trained administrator in a private interview room at either the university or the participant's home. The interviews were all recorded using an integrated circuit recorder.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Experience of Postpartum Depression among Mothers with Withdrawn Attachment Style during Pregnancy and the First Postnatal Month

Ikeda¹,

Hayashi²,

Kamibeppu³

2015

OJD

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Approximately 19% of women experience minor or major depression in the first three months following childbirth. Most research suggests that women with withdrawn attachment styles are less likely to be depressed. However, unlike mothers in Western culture, mothers in Japan with withdrawn attachment styles are reported to have greater potential to become depressed. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the behaviors and situational awareness of Japanese mothers' with withdrawn attachment styles during pregnancy in order to reveal the specific dynamics underlying the withdrawn style. Interview data were analyzed using qualitative thematic content analysis. Of the 84 women assessed, 12 were determined to have a withdrawn style, and based on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, five demonstrated the onset of postpartum depression (PPD). Two themes regarding relationships with partners emerged including: 1) confiding behavior: the importance of what is shared; and 2) need to be heard: wanting sympathy rather than criticism. Additionally, three themes describing mothers' experiences during the first postnatal month emerged: 1) overwhelming experiences: the childbirth experience; 2) seeking help: behavior changes altered relationships; and 3) experience with the baby. Withdrawn style mothers keep distance from crisis, avoid closeness with others, and opt to manage problems by themselves. However, childbirth and infant care are not easily managed in this style. Mothers who used childbirth to confide in their partners may have reduced the severity of insecurity or devel-* Corresponding author.M. Ikeda et al. 62oped a more secure style. Healthcare professionals are in the best position to develop good relationships with new mothers and provide support that focuses more on emotional factors and self-esteem levels.

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“…[21,22] Geçmi çalımalar göstermitir ki, ba¤lanmada yüksek kaygı ile depresyon arasında belirgin bir paralellik bulunmaktadır. Ba¤lanmada yüksek kaygı, ba¤lanma sisteminin aktivasyonuna yol açmakta, kiinin sürekli olarak bakalarının ilgi, sevgi ve güvenine ihtiyaç duymasına, bakalarının olumsuz de¤erlendirme ve geri bildirimlerinden daha fazla örselenme-lerine neden olmaktadır.…”

Section: Tartimaunclassified

“…[23] Bakalarından onay arama davranıının kaygılı ba¤lanma için temel unsur oldu¤u ve depresyona yatkınlı¤ı gösterdi¤i bildirilmitir. [21,22] Ba¤lanma kaygısı ile depresyon arasındaki ilikiye düük özsaygı ve benli¤e yöne-lik olumsuz tutumlar aracı de¤ikenler olarak etki edebilmektedir. [24] Ba¤lanmada kaçınma ve ba¤lanma sisteminin aktivasyonun engellenmesi ile bakalarından kaynaklanan olumsuz de¤erlendirme ve benzeri risk faktörlerini azaltarak kiilerin depresyondan korundu¤u akla gelebilir.…”

Section: Tartimaunclassified

Investigation of attachment dimensions in panic disorder and major depression

Özdemir¹,

Ünal

2016

FNG & Bilim Tıp Dergisi

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Objectives: This study aims to investigate if early experiences affect anxiety and avoidance in attachment and if anxiety and avoidance in attachment may differentiate patients diagnosed as major depression (MD) from patients diagnosed as panic disorder (PD). Patients and methods:The study included 100 patients (32 males, 68 females; mean age 34.2±1.04 years) diagnosed as PB and 100 patients (34 males, 66 females; mean age 34.1±9.03 years) diagnosed as MD who admitted to Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center Psychiatry Clinic between October 2009 and October 2011 and diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TR (DSM-IV-TR) diagnostic criteria, and 146 healthy individuals (control group) (54 males, 92 females; mean age 33.2±9.4 years) with no PB or MD problem. Diagnoses of PD and MD were established using the structured interview form prepared according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Results: Anxiety and avoidance in attachment scores of the MD and PD group were statistically significantly higher than the healthy controls. Anxiety in attachment score of MD patients was significantly higher compared to both controls and PD patients. There was no significant difference between MD and PD patients in terms of avoidance in attachment score. It was observed that having been breast-fed less than six months created a significant difference in MD patients. It was shown that early experiences did not significantly affect anxiety and avoidance in attachment. Conclusion: The facts that anxiety and avoidance in attachment score was higher compared to healthy controls and anxiety in attachment score was lower than MD patients in PD patients revealed that the Malatya sample is compatible with the Turkey sample. Our study indicates that attachment dimensions differ in MD and PD patients and healthy controls. Bulgular: Majör depresyon ve PB grubunun bağlanmada kaygı ve kaçınma puanı sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla istatiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde daha yüksekti. Majör depresyon hastalarının bağlanmada kaygı puanı hem kontrollere hem de PB hastalarına kıyasla anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Majör depresyon ve PB hastaları arasında bağlanmada kaçınma puanı açısından anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Majör depresyon hastalarında altı aydan az anne sütü almış olmanın anlamlı farklılık oluşturduğu görüldü. Erken dönem yaşantılarının bağlanmada kaygı ve kaçınmayı anlamlı olarak etkilemediği görüldü. Sonuç: Panik bozukluğu hastalarında sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla bağlanmada kaygı ve kaçınma puanının yüksek, bağlanmada kaygı puanının MD hastalarından düşük çıkması, Malatya örnekleminin Türkiye örneklemi ile uyumlu olduğunu gösterdi. Çalışmamız MD ve PB hastalarında ve sağlıklı kontrollerde bağlanma boyutlarının farklılaştığına işaret etmektedir.Anahtar sözcükler: Kaygı; bağlanma; kaçınma; majör depresyon; panik bozukluğu.

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Adult attachment style. II: Its relationship to psychosocial depressive-vulnerability

Abstract: Non-standard attachment in the form of markedly Enmeshed, Fearful or Angry-dismissive styles was shown to be associated with other depressive-vulnerability factors involving close relationships, self-esteem and childhood adversity and added to these in modelling depression.

Cited by 142 publications

References 33 publications

Anxious attachment style predicts an enhanced cortisol response to group psychosocial stress

Anxious attachment style predicts an enhanced cortisol response to group psychosocial stress

The Experience of Postpartum Depression among Mothers with Withdrawn Attachment Style during Pregnancy and the First Postnatal Month

Investigation of attachment dimensions in panic disorder and major depression

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