“…Finally, 16 articles (n= 31,990 patients) were included in the qualitative (systematic review) and quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). 5 , 8 , 15 , 16 , 19–30 Figure 1 shows the PRISMA flow diagram of included studies. Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Eight studies used ISAAC questionnaire, 5 , 8 , 15 , 16 , 23 , 27–29 seven studies used self-administered, self-developed questionnaire, 19 , 20 , 22 , 24–26 , 30 and one study used interview questionnaire. 21 Regarding the age of the included population, seven studies included children and adolescents, 15 , 16 , 22 , 23 , 27–29 six studies included only adults, 5 , 8 , 20 , 21 , 25 , 26 and three studies included both children and adults. 19 , 24 , 30 The percentage of females in all studies was 47.14%.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The identification of allergen sensitization patterns in atopic illness patients is critical for developing effective preventative prevention and treatment methods. Al-Ghamdi 2020 5 Cross-sectional study Aseer region NR Arabic version of the validated ISAAC questionnaire 960 30.20% Mean= 39.43 ± 14.63 years and a median of 36 years 255 (26.6%) Adult Adults aged 20 years or older who attended any of the selected primary health care centers for any reason. In the Aseer area, the prevalence of AR was shown to be higher in this study.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…22 In the Al-Qassim region, the prevalence of AR in adults was 13.5%. 20 Other cities reported higher prevalence such as Jazan (27.10%), 23 Aseer (30.20%), 5 Al-Ahssa (48%), 24 Taif (52.81%), 19 and Hail (74%). 29 On the other hand, other cities had a lower prevalence of AR such as Madinah (4.20%), 29 and Najran (6.30%).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…AR is more likely to arise if there is a history of AR in the family. 5 In the lack of family history, the probability of having AR was estimated to be 13%. This risk increased to 29% if one parent or sibling had AR, to 47% if both parents had AR, and to 72% if both parents had similar atopic appearance.…”
Objective
To summarize the current evidence regarding the prevalence of Allergic rhinitis (AR) and its symptoms, triggers, and impact on the quality of life of the Saudi population.
Methods
A Computerized Search in MEDLINE via PubMed, MEDLINE Core database, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted using relevant keywords. A two-stage screening process, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by four independent reviewers. Comprehensive Meta-analysis was used for all statistical analyses (CMA; USA: version 3.3.070).
Results
Sixteen articles (n= 31,990 patients) were included. The overall estimated prevalence of AR was 21.2%, 95% CI (12.8–33.1%). Males had a higher prevalence of AR than females (31.7% vs 27.1%), although the difference was not significant (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 0.78–1.953; p=0.356). Children and adolescents exhibited a lower prevalence of AR than adults (13.7% vs 31.1%). Urban AR prevalence was much greater than rural (38.4% vs 13.0%). Asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eczema are all associated with AR. The most common signs and symptoms of AR were headache 33.9%, watery discharge 28.6%, sneezing 24.6%, itchy nose, runny nose 22.2%, nasal obstruction or congestion 22.0%, loss of smell 21.9%, and wheezing 17.2%. The most prevalent triggers of AR were perfume 36.8%, dust 27.3%, air conditioning 23.4%, weather or temperature changes 17.8%, air pollution 14.5%, drugs or chemicals 13.8%, tobacco 10.8%, atopy 10.3%, and insects 10.2%.
Conclusion
The overall prevalence of AR in Saudi Arabia is 21.2%. The prevalence of AR was comparable in both males and females. However, it was higher in adults than in children and adolescents, and in urban areas than rural areas. Asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eczema co-occurrence with AR are common. AR has a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients in the form of interference with daily activities, sleep problems, difficulty of breath, and school absenteeism.
“…Finally, 16 articles (n= 31,990 patients) were included in the qualitative (systematic review) and quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). 5 , 8 , 15 , 16 , 19–30 Figure 1 shows the PRISMA flow diagram of included studies. Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Eight studies used ISAAC questionnaire, 5 , 8 , 15 , 16 , 23 , 27–29 seven studies used self-administered, self-developed questionnaire, 19 , 20 , 22 , 24–26 , 30 and one study used interview questionnaire. 21 Regarding the age of the included population, seven studies included children and adolescents, 15 , 16 , 22 , 23 , 27–29 six studies included only adults, 5 , 8 , 20 , 21 , 25 , 26 and three studies included both children and adults. 19 , 24 , 30 The percentage of females in all studies was 47.14%.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The identification of allergen sensitization patterns in atopic illness patients is critical for developing effective preventative prevention and treatment methods. Al-Ghamdi 2020 5 Cross-sectional study Aseer region NR Arabic version of the validated ISAAC questionnaire 960 30.20% Mean= 39.43 ± 14.63 years and a median of 36 years 255 (26.6%) Adult Adults aged 20 years or older who attended any of the selected primary health care centers for any reason. In the Aseer area, the prevalence of AR was shown to be higher in this study.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…22 In the Al-Qassim region, the prevalence of AR in adults was 13.5%. 20 Other cities reported higher prevalence such as Jazan (27.10%), 23 Aseer (30.20%), 5 Al-Ahssa (48%), 24 Taif (52.81%), 19 and Hail (74%). 29 On the other hand, other cities had a lower prevalence of AR such as Madinah (4.20%), 29 and Najran (6.30%).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…AR is more likely to arise if there is a history of AR in the family. 5 In the lack of family history, the probability of having AR was estimated to be 13%. This risk increased to 29% if one parent or sibling had AR, to 47% if both parents had AR, and to 72% if both parents had similar atopic appearance.…”
Objective
To summarize the current evidence regarding the prevalence of Allergic rhinitis (AR) and its symptoms, triggers, and impact on the quality of life of the Saudi population.
Methods
A Computerized Search in MEDLINE via PubMed, MEDLINE Core database, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted using relevant keywords. A two-stage screening process, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by four independent reviewers. Comprehensive Meta-analysis was used for all statistical analyses (CMA; USA: version 3.3.070).
Results
Sixteen articles (n= 31,990 patients) were included. The overall estimated prevalence of AR was 21.2%, 95% CI (12.8–33.1%). Males had a higher prevalence of AR than females (31.7% vs 27.1%), although the difference was not significant (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 0.78–1.953; p=0.356). Children and adolescents exhibited a lower prevalence of AR than adults (13.7% vs 31.1%). Urban AR prevalence was much greater than rural (38.4% vs 13.0%). Asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eczema are all associated with AR. The most common signs and symptoms of AR were headache 33.9%, watery discharge 28.6%, sneezing 24.6%, itchy nose, runny nose 22.2%, nasal obstruction or congestion 22.0%, loss of smell 21.9%, and wheezing 17.2%. The most prevalent triggers of AR were perfume 36.8%, dust 27.3%, air conditioning 23.4%, weather or temperature changes 17.8%, air pollution 14.5%, drugs or chemicals 13.8%, tobacco 10.8%, atopy 10.3%, and insects 10.2%.
Conclusion
The overall prevalence of AR in Saudi Arabia is 21.2%. The prevalence of AR was comparable in both males and females. However, it was higher in adults than in children and adolescents, and in urban areas than rural areas. Asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eczema co-occurrence with AR are common. AR has a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients in the form of interference with daily activities, sleep problems, difficulty of breath, and school absenteeism.
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