Adult Age Differences in Word and Nonsense Syllable Recognition Memory and Response Criterion

Gordon, Susan K.; Clark, W. Crawford

doi:10.1093/geronj/29.6.659

Cited by 45 publications

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“…Studies by Erber (19741, Fozard and Waugh (1969) and Gordon and Clark (1974) have found significant differences in word recognition ability when elderly subjects are compared with young adults. However, Schonfield andRobertson (1966) andCraik (1977) and McCarthy, Ferris, Clark, and Crook (1981) found no significant age differences in word recognition across age groups.…”

Section: -79mentioning

confidence: 97%

Age-related sex differences in verbal memory

et al. 1988

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Verbal learning and memory were studied in 196 healthy men and women aged 40 to 89. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT), a 15‐word list, was presented over five trials followed by free recall after each trial. A recognition trial of 50 words subsequently was administered. A stepwise regression that examined the contributions of age, sex, and vocabulary on the five trials of the RAVLT showed that age and sex accounted for a significant portion of the variance on each trial. Vocabulary accounted for a significant portion of the variance only on trials 4 and 5. The recognition trial was not affected by age, sex, or vocabulary. Men had lower scores overall as compared to women. In the older age group (ages 66‐89), this difference was significant on trials two through five. Possible mechanisms that may underlie these age‐related sex differences in learning curves are discussed.

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Section: -79mentioning

confidence: 97%

Age-related sex differences in verbal memory

et al. 1988

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“…If the hypothesis of faulty encoding mechanisms were true, the elderly would demonstrate lower rates of learning and deficient recognition. Studies by Erber (1974) and Gordon and Clark (1974) support this view by reporting significantly lower word recognition abilities in elderly in comparison to young adults. In contrast, Bleecker et al (1988), Craik (1977), McCarthy, Ferris, Clark, and Crook (1981), and Spilich and Voss (1982) did not find age-related differences in recognition in their samples.…”

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Performance of four age groups of normal elderly on the rey Auditory-Verbal learning test

et al. 1991

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This study explored effect of age on encoding, retention, and retrieval components of memory functioning in a sample of 156 healthy, elderly subjects between the ages of 57 and 85, partitioned into four age groups. Memory assessment was based on subjects' performance on the RAVLT, which consisted of five free‐recall trials, recall after interference, and recognition trial. Significant group differences in recall were found on all five learning trials, whereas rates of learning, forgetting, and recognition did not differ for four age groups. In addition, primacy/recency effect was equally strong for all groups. Results suggest faulty retrieval mechanisms, whereas encoding and retention processes did not prove to be affected by aging.

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“…We used item recognition because the diffusion model has provided complete explanation of data in our earlier experiments (Ratcliff, Thapar, & McKoon, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006a, 2006b, 2007; Ratcliff, Thapar, Gomez, & McKoon, 2004; and Thapar, Ratcliff & McKoon, 2003, henceforth referenced as RTM). For item recognition, other studies have found only small effects of age on memory (e.g., Balota, Dolan, & Duchek, 2000; Bowles & Poon, 1982; Craik, 1994; Craik & Jennings, 1992; Erber, 1974; Gordon & Clark, 1974; Kausler, 1994; Naveh-Benjamin, 2000; Neath, 1998, ch. 16; Old & Naveh-Benjamin, 2008; Rabinowitz, 1984; Schonfield & Robertson, 1966).…”

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Individual differences, aging, and IQ in two-choice tasks

Ratcliff

Thapar

McKoon

2010

Cognitive Psychology

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345

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The effects of aging and IQ on performance were examined in three two-choice tasks: numerosity discrimination, recognition memory, and lexical decision. The experimental data, accuracy, correct and error response times, and response time distributions, were well explained by Ratcliff’s (1978) diffusion model. The components of processing identified by the model were compared across levels of IQ (ranging from 83 to 146) and age (college students, 60-74, and 75-90 year olds). Declines in performance with age were not significantly different for low compared to high IQ subjects. IQ but not age had large effects on the quality of the evidence that was obtained from a stimulus or memory, that is, the evidence upon which decisions were based. Applying the model to individual subjects, the components of processing identified by the model for individuals correlated across tasks. In addition, the model’s predictions and the data were examined for the “worst performance rule”, the finding that age and IQ have larger effects on slower responses than faster responses.

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Adult Age Differences in Word and Nonsense Syllable Recognition Memory and Response Criterion

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Age-related sex differences in verbal memory

Age-related sex differences in verbal memory

Performance of four age groups of normal elderly on the rey Auditory-Verbal learning test

Individual differences, aging, and IQ in two-choice tasks

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