Adult age differences in elaborations produced during prose recall.

Gould, Odette N.; Trevithick, Lee; Dixon, Roger A.

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.6.1.93

Cited by 60 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In contrast, young adults may attempt to reproduce the story as accurately as possible" (Smith et al, 1983, p. 195). In a similar vein, Gould et al (1991) found a preference for annotative evaluations---that is, elaborations not directly text-based, but subjective and evaluative--in older vs. younger adults' recall of a prose passage. Conversely, there were no age differences in denotative elaborations, which are more closely text-based.…”

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confidence: 82%

“…come from a variety of sources (Adams, 1991;Adams, Labouvie-Vief, Hobart, & Dorosz, 1990;Arbuckle & Harsany, 1985;Gould, Trevithick, & Dixon, 1991;Greenlief, Smith, & Smith, 1985). As explanation, Smith, Rebok, Smith, Hall, & Alvin (1983) have suggested that older adults' preference for a reconstructive strategy reflects a stylistic choice and not compensation for a deficit because their older subjects produced the greatest number of elaborations on passages recalled the best; in contrast, their young adult subjects produced elaborations on material with which they had the greatest difficulty.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Memory for a dialectical and a nondialectical prose passage in young and older adults

Kramer

Kahlbaugh

1994

J Adult Dev

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Age differences in adults' processing of a dialectical or nondialectical prose passage were explored. Twenty young and 20 older adults read a dialectical or mechanistic passage and were tested for free recall and recognition after a 30-min delay (filled with vocabulary and paradigm belief scale). Older (vs. young) adults had significantly lowei" formistic and mechanistic scores and showed greater relative preference for relativistic and dialectical beliefs (paradigm scale). There were no age differences in amount of free recall or number of correct responses (hits) on recognition, but older adults produced more spontaneous dialectical distortions in recall of the mechanistic passage and more paradigm-congruent false alarms on recognition. There was also a move from absolute toward dialectical thinking on the paradigm scale and, among males, on the recognition measure. Dialectical scores (paradigm scale) were positively correlated, and mechanistic scores negatively correlated, with number of dialectical distortions on free recall (mechanistic passage), while dialectical scores were positively correlated with number of dialectical false alarms (dialectical passage).

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confidence: 82%

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confidence: 98%

Memory for a dialectical and a nondialectical prose passage in young and older adults

Kramer

Kahlbaugh

1994

J Adult Dev

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“…At Time 2, the old-old adults maintained a relatively high proportion of main idea recall, but marginally diminished levels of detail recall. Several observers have noted that older adults may actively focus narrative recall attention on superordinate ideas as a means of compensating for decrements in overall recall (e.g., Gould, Trevithick, & Dixon, 1991). Not yet known, but deserving further investigation, is whether such adaptive mechanisms originate in deliberate or strategic efforts or whether the phenomenon is linked to aging-sensitive differential recall-enhancing features of structural elements in prose passages.…”

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confidence: 99%

Episodic memory change in late adulthood: Generalizability across samples and performance indices

et al. 2004

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“…At the group level, the combined output of a collaborative group is compared with the performance of a single individual. Dixon and his colleagues (e.g., Dixon, 1996Dixon, , 1999Gould, Trevithick, & Dixon, 1991) have shown that collaboration, as measured at the group level, benefits older adults' retention for previously studied material, relative to individual performance. That is, groups of older adults perform better than individual older adults in recalling a total set of previously experienced events.…”

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confidence: 99%

Age differences in collaborative memory: the role of retrieval manipulations

Meade

Roediger

2009

Memory & Cognition

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962Collaborative remembering occurs when people work together to remember an event. Such remembering occurs frequently in life, as when a family remembers a vacation, or at alumni reunions when people remember the good old days of college or high school. Prior research has focused almost entirely on collaborative processes in younger adults and, to a lesser extent, similar processes in older adults. However, remarkably little research has examined age differences in collaborative processes between younger and older adults.The purpose of the present study was to explore possible age differences in collaborative memory performance. We examined the effects of prior collaboration on performance in younger and older adults as a function of retrieval condition (type of test and type of instruction). Subjects first took a collaborative test and then, later, a test given in isolation, to ascertain whether any effects of collaboration would be removed when people were tested individually. However, before considering our new research in detail, we next will set the stage by reviewing relevant research conducted on aging and collaborative memory.Prior research on aging and collaboration has revealed contradictory findings, ones that can be partly explained by a difference in whether collaboration is examined at the group level or the individual level (for reviews, see Dixon, 1996;Weldon, 2001). At the group level, the combined output of a collaborative group is compared with the performance of a single individual. Dixon and his colleagues (e.g., Dixon, 1996Dixon, , 1999Gould, Trevithick, & Dixon, 1991) have shown that collaboration, as measured at the group level, benefits older adults' retention for previously studied material, relative to individual performance. That is, groups of older adults perform better than individual older adults in recalling a total set of previously experienced events. Dixon has argued that the items produced by other people can act as retrieval cues, so that collaboration causes veridical performance to increase and errors to decline (Dixon, Gagnon, & Crow, 1998). The group collaborative work is important in highlighting factors related to successful collaboration and demonstrating that older adults can effectively collaborate on a task. However, the group collaborative work does not answer questions concerning the relative impact of collaboration on each individual's performance.Studies that have measured the effect of collaboration on an individual level have shown that individuals' performance is negatively affected by collaboration, a finding contrary to the group work discussed above. Measuring © In two experiments, we examined age differences in collaborative inhibition (reduced recall in pairs of people, relative to pooled individuals) across repeated retrieval attempts. Younger and older adults studied categorized word lists and were then given two consecutive recall tests and a recognition test. On the first recall test, the subjects were given free-report cued recall or forced-report ...

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Adult age differences in elaborations produced during prose recall.

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

Memory for a dialectical and a nondialectical prose passage in young and older adults

Memory for a dialectical and a nondialectical prose passage in young and older adults

Episodic memory change in late adulthood: Generalizability across samples and performance indices

Age differences in collaborative memory: the role of retrieval manipulations

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