Adult Age Differences in Distinctive Processing: The Modality Effect on False Recall.

Smith, Rebekah E.; Lozito, Jeffrey P.; Bayen, Ute J.

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.486

Cited by 41 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Several studies have demonstrated fewer false memories in younger adults with VP relative to AP (Cleary & Greene, 2002;Kellogg, 2001;Smith & Hunt, 1998). Our results are consistent with this, and furthermore show this to be true for older adults, in contrast with the experiments of Smith, Lozito, and Bayen, (2005), which revealed no modality effect on false memories in DRM paradigm for older adults (which instead there was for younger adults). Younger and older adults thus benefit equally from the increase in perceptual details given by the VP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Presentation modality effect on false memories in younger and older adults: The use of an inference paradigm

Gras¹,

Tardieu²,

Piolino³

et al. 2011

Memory

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Classically, false memories are studied using the DRM paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995), involving use of words lists. The words of each list are linked to a critical word not presented. Participants create a false memory in recognising and/or recalling this critical word. In most cases older adults have more false memories than younger adults in this paradigm. To use less strategy-dependent material, we compared predictive inferences activated during text reading in young and healthy older participants. For example, in the sentence "The fragile porcelain vase was thrown against the wall" the predictive inference was that the vase is broken. After reading or hearing the texts, the participants had false memories in recalling and/or recognising the predictive inferences. Older adults had more false recognitions than younger adults when they read or heard the text. However, the difference did not reach significance with the cued recalled task. It is concluded that, in more ecological situations such as text reading, abilities in older adults can be preserved.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Presentation modality effect on false memories in younger and older adults: The use of an inference paradigm

Gras¹,

Tardieu²,

Piolino³

et al. 2011

Memory

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several factors are known to reduce false memory, including the visual presentation rather than an auditory presentation of the word lists (Smith & hunt, 1998;kellogg, 2001;Smith, Lozito, & Bayen, 2005). the lower recall of critical lures than of list words in the present experiment may be attributed to the visual presentation of the word lists which supplies orthographic information to help distinguish true from false memories (Smith & hunt, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Caffeine's Effects on True and False Memory

Capek

Guenther

2009

Psychol Rep

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Caffeine's effects on recall of word lists were investigated using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. College students were administered either 200 mg of caffeine or a 250-mg lactose placebo; after 30 min., they were tested on recall using six word lists. Words of each list were semantically related to a single word (a "critical lure") that was not presented in the list. Participants administered caffeine recalled more list words and more critical lures than participants administered lactose. Recall of list words was negatively correlated with recall of critical lures. Caffeine appears to intensify the strength of connections among list words and critical lures, thereby enhancing both true and false memory.

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“…This effect can be attenuated in younger adults by presenting words visually; the interpretation is that if participants are generating semantically related lures during study, these will be more distinct from auditorily presented targets and thus easier to reject (Smith & Hunt, 1998). The results have been mixed as to whether older adults show the same benefit of distinctiveness processing for rejecting semantically related lures (Schacter, Israel, & Racine, 1999;Smith, Lozito, & Bayen, 2005). However, there is some evidence that older adults can benefit from a distinctiveness heuristic at retrieval when given specific instructions to use distinctive information at test (Dodson & Schacter, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Age-related differences in memory after attending to distinctiveness or similarity during learning

Carr

Castel

Knowlton

2014

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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Age-related differences in memory after attending to distinctiveness or similarity during learning Episodic memory is vulnerable to age-related change, with older adults demonstrating both impairments in retrieving contextual details and susceptibility to interference among similar events. Such impairments may be due in part to an age-related decline in the ability to encode distinct memory representations. Recent research has examined how manipulating stimulus properties to emphasize distinctiveness can reduce agerelated deficits in memory. However, few studies have addressed whether learning strategies that differentially encourage distinctiveness processing attenuate age-related differences in episodic memory. In the present study, participants engaged in two incidental encoding tasks emphasizing either distinctiveness or similarity processing. Results demonstrated higher rates of recollection for stimuli studied under the distinctiveness task than the similarity task in younger but not older adults. These findings suggest a declining capacity for distinctiveness processing to benefit memory in older adults, and raise the possibility that strategies that enhance gist-based encoding may attenuate age-related memory deficits.

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Adult Age Differences in Distinctive Processing: The Modality Effect on False Recall.

Cited by 41 publications

References 56 publications

Presentation modality effect on false memories in younger and older adults: The use of an inference paradigm

Presentation modality effect on false memories in younger and older adults: The use of an inference paradigm

Caffeine's Effects on True and False Memory

Age-related differences in memory after attending to distinctiveness or similarity during learning

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