Adsorptive Removal of Toxic Dye Using Fe₃O₄–TSC Nanocomposite: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

Abstract

Herein, trisodium citrate based magnetite nanocomposite (Fe3O4–TSC) was used for malachite green (MG) dye expulsion from aqueous medium. The adsorption tests were executed at different parameters. The maximum adsorption were took place at pH 4 in 40 min. The equilibrium studies were demonstrated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and better agreement was attained with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity (q e) was calculated 435 mg g–1 using Langmuir equation. The kinetic parameters displayed that MG adsorption onto Fe3O4–TSC followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, the thermodynamic analysis suggested the adsorption of MG onto Fe3O4–TSC was impulsive and exothermic. The desorption studies showed the best recovery of MG dye in 0.1 M HCl. Finally, it was found that Fe3O4–TSC can be effortlessly separated from mixed solutions using external magnetic field.

Evaluation of synthesized green carbon catalyst from waste date pits for tertiary butylation of phenol

“…The peaks appearing to be at the 3400 cm -1 wave number are referring to the -OH stretching [33,34] for both activated and sulphonated carbon while the definite peaks present at 2900 cm -1 and 2850 cm -1 are due to the C-H stretching vibrations for both materials. Moving further, the small peak appearing at 1805 cm -1 represents -C=O stretching, and the prominent peak appearing at 1650 cm -1 is referred to as a bending of -OH group present in both materials.…”

Fabrication and characterization of a nanocomposite hydrogel for combined photocatalytic degradation of a mixture of malachite green and fast green dye

“…So, their removal is the major priority. Researchers have tried to remove the dyes from wastewater using different techniques such as osmosis, precipitation, electrokinetic coagulation, microbial degradation, fungal decolorization, electrodialysis, nanofiltration, electrosorption, adsorption and filtration [2][3][4]. However, adsorption is considered as the best technique for the removal of dyes from the wastewater due to its simple methodology and cost-effectiveness.…”

Ag-loaded thermo-sensitive composite microgels for enhanced catalytic reduction of methylene blue

“…Furthermore, the colored form of MB cannot be biodegraded more easily as compared to its reduced colorless form. Several methods have been designed for the removal of MB and other organic pollutants from waste water such as adsorption desorption strategy [3][4][5][6], c-irradiation [7], ozonation [8][9][10], photocatalysis [11][12][13], ion exchange [14], membrane separation [2], reverse or forward osmosis [15], electrochemical methods [16,17], biochemical materials [18][19][20], but all these methods are either very expensive or cannot remove the pollutants completely. Chemical reduction method used to convert these dyes from toxic state to nontoxic or less toxic form is very easy and environmentally friendly, but the reduction of these dyes without catalyst takes much time.…”