Adsorptive removal of Cd (II) ions from wastewater using biosorbent of Tectona grandis leaves: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies

Abstract

Heavy metal contaminants are naturally carcinogenic, poisonous, and persistent. In the elimination of harmful heavy metals from polluted water, developing a novel revolutionary biosorbent with high efficiency and low cost from native biomaterial is a difficult task. The utilization of Tectona grandis (teak) leaves to make a possible biosorbent (TGLB) for extracting Cd (II) ions from contaminated wastewater solutions was investigated. To validate the sorption capacity of TGLB, the characteristics of the biosorbent were studied using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), point of zero charge (pHPZC), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) textural analysis. pH, time, biosorbent dose, temperature, and metal ion concentration were all altered in the batch studies. 93.2% maximal elimination at ideal pH 5 was achieved for a 5 g biosorbent dose, a working solution with a purity of 10 mg/L after a 45 min contact duration. In order to validate the research, the experimental data were also subjected to single-factor analysis (One-way ANOVA) and t-test. The Langmuir sorption model (R2 > 0.999) and pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.998) were the best matches for experimental sorption outcomes. The desorption studies implied that TGLB can be utilized efficiently for three consecutive cycles. A study of the utmost adsorption capabilities of numerous untreated biomaterial-based residues revealed that Tectona grandis leaves biosorbent (TGLB) is an effective, cheap, ecologically and economically friendly biosorbent for application in the elimination of the heavy metals from contaminated aqueous solutions.