“…57–59 The chelating bidentate nitrate species can be observed at 1564 cm −1 for CuO x /CeO 2 -H and CuO x /CeO 2 -T, 1570 cm −1 for CuO x /CeO 2 -C and 1582 cm −1 for CuO x /CeO 2 -F catalysts, as well as the sulfate species situated from 1050 to 1300 cm −1 , where 1127 cm −1 in CuO x /CeO 2 -H, 1130 cm −1 in CuO x /CeO 2 -T, 1140 cm −1 in CuO x /CeO 2 -C and 1119, 1197 cm −1 in CuO x /CeO 2 -F are attributed to the bulk sulfate/bidentate sulfate, and 1200 cm −1 in CuO x /CeO 2 -H, 1210 cm −1 in CuO x /CeO 2 -T as well as 1236 cm −1 in CuO x /CeO 2 -C are described as the stretching motion of adsorbed sulfate. 60–63 The peaks located at 986 cm −1 (CuO x /CeO 2 -H), 993 cm −1 (CuO x /CeO 2 -T), 1016 cm −1 (CuO x /CeO 2 -C) and 983 cm −1 (CuO x /CeO 2 -F) can be attributed to the stretching motion of surface-coordinated bisulfite and/or sulfite. 64,65 Besides, the absorption peak of CuO x /CeO 2 -T at 1372 cm −1 belongs to the asymmetric stretching vibrations of OSO species, revealing that the catalyst is susceptible to the influence of SO 2 .…”