“…It is prepared by modifying traditional biochar through ball milling, chemical reactions, and other modification methods. Compared with traditional biochar, modified biochar has a larger specific surface area and more abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, providing many heavy metal adsorption sites [ 23 ]. Li and Shi found that the specific surface area, pore volume, and microporous volume of iron and dicyandiamide co-modified walnut shell biochar were 967.1084 m 2 ·g −1 , 0.7425 cm 3 ·g −1 , and 0.4624 cm 3 ·g −1 , respectively, which were 3.39, 6.42, and 8.81 times that of the original biochar [ 24 ].…”