The
wagging mode is a characteristic out-of-plane bending vibration
for a series of organic compounds containing −CH2/–NH2 groups, such as terminal olefins, p-substituted
aniline derivates, and benzyl radicals. The SERS signal of the wagging
mode is always sensitive to the interfacial interaction, displaying
significant frequency shift and Raman enhancement. To understand the
origin of the special SERS signal, density functional theory (DFT)
calculation is performed to obtain harmonic vibrational frequencies
and Raman intensities of equilibrium structures for the p−π
conjugated molecules adsorbed on silver surfaces on the basis of the
molecule–metallic cluster model. Our results showed that the
frequency shift of the wagging mode is strongly dependent on the hybridization
effect, the sp2 changing to sp3 hybridization
causes a dramatic frequency shift for the wagging mode. Furthermore,
our results also revealed the causes of the remarkable enhancement
of this mode in SERS intensity. From the point of view of the frontier
molecular orbital interaction and the change of electronic structures,
the derivatives of polarizability tensor for the wagging coordinate
are quite large appearing at the significant extent of the geometry
deformation, closely associated with the p−π conjugation
effect and the hybridization property, as well as the energy exchange
of the frontier molecular orbitals. The last factor results in significant
increases in the derivatives of polarizability tensor along with the
direction of the wagging vibrations.