Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Pollutants from Water Using Covalent Organic Frameworks

Abstract

Capture of pharmaceutical pollutants from water was studied using a novel fluorine-bearing covalent organic framework TpBD-(CF ) , which showed ibuprofen adsorption capacity of 119 mg g at neutral pH. This value is further enhanced at pH 2, highlighting the potential of this class of materials to serve as adsorbents even under harsh conditions. The adsorbed pharmaceutical can be recovered from TpBD-(CF ) in high yield, offering the option of recycling both the adsorbent and the pharmaceutical. The high efficiency of ibuprofen capture as compared to other less lipophilic pharmaceuticals suggests that COFs can be pre-designed for selective capture of contaminants.

Remarkably efficient removal of toxic bromate from drinking water with a porphyrin–viologen covalent organic framework

“…Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a novel class of porous, crystalline materials with tunable structures and extensive surface areas. 15,16 COFs have been utilized for the removal of various pollutants from water, including toxic dyes, 17 heavy metals, [18][19][20] pharmaceuticals, 21 and other toxins. 22 However, adsorption of BrO 3 À is unprecedented for COFs.…”

Extraction of Ibuprofen from Natural Waters Using a Covalent Organic Framework

“…Previously, we showed that TpBD-(CF 3 ) 2 COF ( Figure 1) featured a marked preference for adsorbing lipophilic pharmaceuticals ibuprofen and diclofenac from ultrapure water, whereas hydrophilic acetaminophen and ampicillin were adsorbed far less efficiently [19]. In addition, an enhancement of ibuprofen adsorption efficiency was observed when moving to acidic pH, which was attributed mainly to increased lipophilicity upon protonation of the ibuprofen molecules [19].…”

“…Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) [10,11] are fully organic, crystalline nanoporous materials, which feature large surface areas, tunable pore size and functionality, and high thermal and chemical stability. Recently, COFs have raised increasing interest for the extraction of different organic contaminants from water [12][13][14], such as biotoxins [15,16], perfluoroalkyl compounds [17], polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [18], and pharmaceutical pollutants [19][20][21]. In addition, COFs are being explored for membrane-based water treatment [22][23][24][25].…”

Tailoring Covalent Organic Frameworks To Capture Water Contaminants

“…COFs are usually obtained as low-density powders featuring polydisperse particles with sizes in the micrometer range. Althoughs uch powder can be directly applied for adsorption of contaminants in water using different modalities, such as direct dispersion in sample matrices [35,37,44,47,48,50,51,53,54] or packing into columns, [39,125] using the bulk material could lead to materiall osses, high column backpressure, and difficulties in its isolation from the sample matrix. These are serious limitations, which can hinder the use of COFs in environmental applications.…”

“…Promising results have been obtained for the captureo f, for example, organic dyes, [31][32][33][34][35] perfluoroalkyl substances, [36] aryl-organophosphorous flame retardants, [37] pesticides, [38][39][40] phenol endocrine disruptors, [41,42] lactic acid, [43] iodine, [44,45] mercury, [46][47][48][49] radionuclides, [50] lanthanides, [51] and oil spills. [52] We found COFs to efficiently adsorb biotoxins from seawater [53] andp harmaceuticalc ontaminants from water, [54] expanding their use to these classes of hazardouscompounds.…”