Adsorption of Pepsin by Aluminum Hydroxide I: Adsorption Mechanism

Sepelyak, Robert J.; Feldkamp, Joseph R.; Moody, T. E.; White, Joe L.; Hem, Stanley L.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600731104

Cited by 41 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…According to Martin, the octahedral hexahydrate [Al(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ dominates at pH < 5, and the tetrahedral [Al(OH) 4 ] − at pH > 6.2, while there is a mixture of species from 5 < pH < 6.2 [ 120 , p. 12]. Adsorption and desorption of Al 3+ species have long been known to demonstrate pH dependence [ 121 , 122 ]. The aluminum aqua ion, [Al(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ , is well characterized in solution and the solid state [ 123 ].…”

Section: Biophysics Of Aluminum Toxicity and Impact On Cellular Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum-Induced Entropy in Biological Systems: Implications for Neurological Disease

Shaw

Seneff

Kette

et al. 2014

Journal of Toxicology

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Over the last 200 years, mining, smelting, and refining of aluminum (Al) in various forms have increasingly exposed living species to this naturally abundant metal. Because of its prevalence in the earth's crust, prior to its recent uses it was regarded as inert and therefore harmless. However, Al is invariably toxic to living systems and has no known beneficial role in any biological systems. Humans are increasingly exposed to Al from food, water, medicinals, vaccines, and cosmetics, as well as from industrial occupational exposure. Al disrupts biological self-ordering, energy transduction, and signaling systems, thus increasing biosemiotic entropy. Beginning with the biophysics of water, disruption progresses through the macromolecules that are crucial to living processes (DNAs, RNAs, proteoglycans, and proteins). It injures cells, circuits, and subsystems and can cause catastrophic failures ending in death. Al forms toxic complexes with other elements, such as fluorine, and interacts negatively with mercury, lead, and glyphosate. Al negatively impacts the central nervous system in all species that have been studied, including humans. Because of the global impacts of Al on water dynamics and biosemiotic systems, CNS disorders in humans are sensitive indicators of the Al toxicants to which we are being exposed.

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Section: Biophysics Of Aluminum Toxicity and Impact On Cellular Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum-Induced Entropy in Biological Systems: Implications for Neurological Disease

Shaw

Seneff

Kette

et al. 2014

Journal of Toxicology

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“…Of course, pepsin's absorption may have been through a covalently bond with pepsin carboxylate groups and hydroxyl or water groups from the surface of aluminium hydroxide. Besides, other carboxylate groups of pepsin that cannot speci cally adsorb will interact with the positive surface of aluminium hydroxide by electrostatic attraction [30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, gibbsite is the most stable polymorph of aluminium hydroxide (AI(OH) 3 ). By the way, Sepelyak et al [30] evaluated the adsorption of pepsin by gibbsite and boehmite. They observed that the adsorption of pepsin was associated with the adsorbent surface area and pH, with maximum adsorption appearing between pH 2.7-3.3 for gibbsite and pH 2.7-4.3 for boehmite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, gibbsite and boehmite adsorption of pepsin can be associated with electrostatic attraction and speci c adsorption [31,32]. For example, it is described that anions of incompletely dissociated acids, such as phosphate, are speci cally adsorbed by metal oxides, and this mechanism can explain the speci c adsorption of pepsin [30][31][32]. Of course, pepsin's absorption may have been through a covalently bond with pepsin carboxylate groups and hydroxyl or water groups from the surface of aluminium hydroxide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purification and characterization of pepsin enzyme from Scomberomorus commerson mackerel’s stomach by aluminum hydroxide, and improved its thermal stability by graphene oxide nanosheet

Shobar

Rezaei

Naghdi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In the present study, pepsinogen enzyme was purified from the S. commerson viscera in 7 steps, including; (1) using a buffer containing NaCl and CaCl2, (2) Acidification, (3) precipitation by dried sulfate ammonium, (4) Aluminum hydroxide gel, (5) Saturated ammonium sulfate, (6) Gel filtration Sephadex G-50, and (7) Anion-exchange DEAE-cellulose. Purified pepsinogen converted into pepsin quickly at pH 2.0, and its optimum pH and temperature were 2, and 37 °C. Hence, ammonium sulfate with 67/5 % saturation showed the highest activity and protein precipitation. Besides, results showed that 18% Alum gel had the highest enzyme activity in the precipitate formed during dialysis. Furthermore, pepsin activity was stopped above 50 °C, but immobilized pepsin on GO-PEG maintained it up to a temperature of 65 °C. Purified pepsin was completely inactive in the presence of 0.1 M pepstatin A. Catalytic constants KM and kcat for proteolysis of acid-denatured hemoglobin were 35/39 ± 0.03 M, and 5.3 ± 0.002 × 10 -5 S-1, respectively. Finally, based on the obtained results, it can be suggested that the use of aluminum hydroxide gel and graphene oxide can be a suitable approach for purifying pepsin enzyme from fish viscera and improving their thermal stability.

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“…To date, the commonly used analytical methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, electrochemical immunosensors, spectrophotometry, and molecularly imprinted analysis, have been reported to detect pepsin. − However, these approaches are limited in their use for rapid on-site analysis because they typically require complex experimental procedures. Fluorescent sensors have been widely used, retaining the advantages of high sensitivity and rapid response. − Recently, strategies based on pepsin digestion resulting in fluorescence quenching of protein-coated fluorescent dyes or nanomaterials have been reported for pepsin detection. − Interestingly, the isoelectric point (pI) of pepsin is quite low, and it has the strongest activity at around pH 2.0 . The activity of pepsin is decreased or even inactivated as the pH increased .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable and Rapid Fluorescence Turn-On Detection of Total Pepsin in Saliva Based on Strong Electrostatic Interactions

Zhou,

Chen,

Wei

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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Adsorption of Pepsin by Aluminum Hydroxide I: Adsorption Mechanism

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Aluminum-Induced Entropy in Biological Systems: Implications for Neurological Disease

Aluminum-Induced Entropy in Biological Systems: Implications for Neurological Disease

Purification and characterization of pepsin enzyme from Scomberomorus commerson mackerel’s stomach by aluminum hydroxide, and improved its thermal stability by graphene oxide nanosheet

Portable and Rapid Fluorescence Turn-On Detection of Total Pepsin in Saliva Based on Strong Electrostatic Interactions

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