Adsorption of p-Cresol by Mesoporous Activated Carbon. I. Kinetics studies and data modeling

Abstract

The kinetic adsorption of p-cresol from aqueous solution onto mesoporous activated carbon was investigated for 100, 500 and 1000 mg L-1 initial concentrations, at constant 295 K temperature. The kinetic of the adsorption process was discussed using three kinetic models, i.e., pseudo-first order kinetic model, pseudo-second order kinetic model, and Avrami fractionary order kinetic model. In order to provide a mathematically rigorous method for evaluating the kinetic parameters using the original form of the kinetic models, the nonlinear regression was selected as most viable algorithm. The common statistical tools was employed to check the accuracy of fit measure, namely, sum of the squares of the errors SSE, reduced sum of the squares of the errors Red-SSE, coefficient of determination R2, adjusted coefficient of determination Adj R2 and standard deviation SD.

Adsorption of p-Cresol by Mesoporous Activated Carbon. II. Mechanism studies and data modeling

“…Although the acidic functional groups predominate, the surface of granular active carbon also contains the basic functional groups [5]. Even if quantitative the acidic groups are three times more than basic groups, the last ones seem to be stronger given the almost neutral point of zero charge (pH PZC ).…”

“…The main materials used in this work were the granular activated carbon (GAC) and p-cresol. In the first part of our research [4], it was presented the procedure whereby the experimental kinetic data were obtained. The physical charaterisation of GAC has been reported in previous studies [5][6][7].…”

“…In the first part of our research [4], it was presented the procedure whereby the experimental kinetic data were obtained. The physical charaterisation of GAC has been reported in previous studies [5][6][7]. The surface of the GAC was chemically characterized by Boehm titration [8] and by point of zero charge pH PZC [9], and the results were reported in our previous study [5].…”

“…In our previously work [6] it has been demostrated that p-cresol exhibits electron donating mechanism with the carbonyl and basic active sites. On the surface of GAC the basic sites could be represented by tertiary amines (identified by FT-IR spectra but also by Boehm titration [5]) and the carbonyl sites could by associated with lactonic groups highlighted by Boehm titration [5].…”

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“…6 and 7, as well as their corresponding determination coefficients (R 2 ) and relative standard deviations (RSD) are presented in tables 2 and 3. Tabulated data highlight that PSOR model, considering chemisorption as rate-determining step [22][23][24]27,29], provides a better correlation of experimental data (0.9845 ≤ R 2 ≤ 0.9995, 1.04% ≤ RSD ≤ 4.49%) than PFOR model (0.8425≤ R 2 ≤ 0.9440, 57.47% ≤ RSDd"237.8%). Moreover, the values of for experimental run 2: ♦ρ b0 =0.33 g/cm 3 , !…”