“…The longevity of mineral adsorbed DNA depends on a range of factors where in particular mineral species ( Lorenz and Wackernagel, 1987 ; Cao et al, 2011 ; Michalkova et al, 2011 ; Feuillie et al, 2013 ; Canhisares-Filho et al, 2015 ; Pedreira-Segade et al, 2016 ), background ions ( Lorenz and Wackernagel, 1987 ; Nguyen and Chen, 2007 ; Lu et al, 2010 ), salinity, and pH ( Greaves and Wilson, 1969 ; Saeki et al, 2010 ; Michalkova et al, 2011 ; Feuillie et al, 2015 ; Maity et al, 2015 ) determine the DNA adsorption capacity of a mineral. Depending on the crystalline structure and composition, the surface charge of most minerals changes as a function of pH.…”