Adsorption of methyl tert-butyl ether using granular activated carbon: Equilibrium and kinetic analysis

Abstract

AB STRACT:The adsorption of methyl tert-butyl ether by granular activated carbon was investigated. The experimental data were analyzed using the Freundlich isotherm and the Langmuir isotherm. Although equilibrium data were found to follow Freundlich isotherm model, it were fitted better by the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 204.1 mg/g. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations were analyzed to predict the constant rate of adsorption using three common kinetic models: pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order equation and intraparticle diffusion equation. The pseudo-second-order model was suitable for describing the adsorption kinetics for the removal of methyl tert-butyl ether from aqueous solution onto granular activated carbon. Both the Lagergren first-order rate constant k 1 and pseudo-second-order rate constant k 2 decrease with increasing initial concentrations of methyl tert-butyl ether and the intraparticle diffusion rate constant k p shows the reverse characteristic. Analysis of sorption data using a boyd plot confirmed that external mass transfer is the main rate-limiting step at the initial stage of adsorption. Results illustrate that granular activated carbon is an effective adsorbent for methyl tert-butyl ether and also provide specific guidance into adsorption of methyl tert-butyl ether on granular activated carbon in contaminated groundwater.

Removal of humic acid from peat water using untreated powdered eggshell as a low cost adsorbent

“…The pseudo-first-order rate expression was evaluated with the following equation (Kamari et al 2009;Ngah et al 2011;Tao et al 2010;Wang et al 2011;Zhang and Bai 2003;Bhaumik et al 2012;Elwakeel and Yousif 2010;Rastogi 2008, Gupta et al 2010;Kose and Kivanc 2011;Ehrampoush et al 2011;Chen et al 2010;Ugurlu et al 2005;Okoye et al 2010;Wang et al 2008b;Elkady et al 2011): log ðq e À q t Þ ¼ log q e À k=2:303:t ð6Þ…”

“…The pseudo-second-order model is based on the assumption that the rate-limiting step may be chemical sorption or chemisorption involving valence forces through sharing or exchange of electrons between sorbent and sorbate. It is assumed that the sorption capacity is proportional to the number of active sites occupied on the sorbent, then the kinetic rate law can be written as follows (Kamari et al 2009;Ngah et al 2011;Tao et al 2010;Wang et al 2011;Zhang and Bai 2003;Bhaumik et al 2012;Elwakeel and Yousif 2010;Gupta and Rastogi 2008;Gupta et al 2010;Kose and Kivanc 2011;Ehrampoush et al 2011;Chen et al 2010;Ugurlu et al 2005;Okoye et al 2010;Wang et al 2008b;Elkady et al 2011):…”

Evaluation of adsorption potential of bamboo biochar for metal-complex dye: equilibrium, kinetics and artificial neural network modeling

“…Hence, various treatment processes such as physical separation, oxidation, biological degradation, coagulation and flocculation have been developed to remove dyes from wastewaters (Forgacs et al 2004;Yang et al 2012). Adsorption process is one of the most efficient and attractive methods for removing pollutants from wastewater, which has interesting characteristics, such as easy process control, low cost and energy requirements (Chen et al 2010;Mittal et al 2012). Biochar is produced by the combustion of biomass under limited oxygen conditions.…”

Removal of methyl orange by activated carbon modified by silver nanoparticles

“…Then, a slower adsorption would follow as the available adsorption site gradually decreases. Kinetics (Chen et al 2010) of sorption was modelled by the pseudo-secondorder equation models (Fig. 6).…”

“…The most widely used substances for the stabilization of metal nanoparticles are ligands and polymers, specially natural or synthetic polymers with a certain affinity towards metals, which are soluble in suitable solvents (Hirai et al 1985). The AC is an efficient adsorbent for removal of many chemical species (Mohammadi et al 2011;Belhachemi and Addoun 2011;Chen et al 2010;Mall et al 2005;Meshko et al 2001), however, its reusability is poor due to the loss during desorption. Hence, the main objective of this investigation was to examine adsorption characteristic for MO on modified AC by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coating on it.…”