Adsorption of Metals to Particles in Urban Stormwater Runoff—Does Size Really Matter?

Philipp, Baum; Kuch, Bertram; Dittmer, Ulrich

doi:10.3390/w13030309

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, particle-bound pollutants and their removal in SQIDs are the topic of three articles in this Special Issue. Baum et al [15] demonstrated with a monitoring campaign and a subsequent analysis of different particle fractions that the highest event mean content of heavy metals were found in the smallest fraction. Currently, a particle concentration between 63 and 0.45 µm (TSS63) is considered as relevant for heavy metal adsorption.…”

Section: Overview Of This Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater Management in Urban Areas

Helmreich

2021

Water

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Rising levels of impervious surfaces in densely populated cities and climate change-related weather extremes such as heavy rain events or long dry weather periods provide us with new challenges for sustainable stormwater management in urban areas. The Special Issue consists of nine articles and a review and focuses on a range of relevant issues: different aspects and findings of stormwater runoff quantity and quality, including strategies and techniques to mitigate the negative effects of such climate change impacts hydraulically, as well as lab-scale and long-term experience with pollutants from urban runoff and the efficiency of stormwater quality improvement devices (SQIDs) in removing them. Testing procedures and protocols for SQIDs are also considered. One paper analyses the clogging of porous media in the use of stormwater for managed aquifer recharge. The Special Issue demonstrates the importance and timeliness of the topic of sustainable rainwater management, especially with regard to growing cities and the challenges posed by climate change.

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Section: Overview Of This Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater Management in Urban Areas

Helmreich

2021

Water

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“…Previous studies show mixed findings regarding the partitioning of Cu in dissolved and particulate form in stormwater, e.g., Maniquiz-Redillas & Kim (2014) observed a higher fraction of Cu in dissolved form, while Huber et al (2016) found more Cu presented in particulate form. Thus, it is possible that Cu can transform between two forms, and accumulated Cu in the sedimentation pond can be resuspended during flow events and cause it to leach out of the system, e.g., a significant drop of Cu removal efficiency can be observed in the largest rainfall (from 56-86% to 21%) (Birch et al 2004).…”

Section: Impact Of Variables On the Wetland Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature also reported mixed impacts of HRT on the performance of constructed wetlands. Chen (2009) and Baum et al (2021) have shown that, in general, a higher HRT can lead to improved system performance (i.e., lower outlet concentrations). However, very long HRT (over 48 h) might lead to poor performance gradually due to clogging in subsurface wetlands.…”

Section: Impact Of Variables On the Wetland Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated the high removal rates of heavy metals from urban stormwater, with average removal rates of 57, 65, 65 and 52% for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively (Birch et al 2004;Lucas et al 2015). However, the performance can vary significantly depending on the wetland design characteristics and operational conditions (Birch et al 2004;Lucas et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the data-driven models for accessing the impact of design variables on heavy metal removal in constructed wetlands

et al. 2021

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Constructed wetlands are a type of green infrastructure commonly used for urban stormwater treatment. Previous studies have shown that the various design characteristics have an influence on the outflow heavy metal concentrations. In this study, we develop a Bayesian linear mixed model (BLMM) and a Bayesian linear regression model (BLRM) to predict the outflow concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) using an inflow concentration (Cin) and five design variables, namely media type, constructed wetland type (CWT), hydraulic retention time, presence of a sedimentation pond (SedP) and wetland-to-catchment area ratio (Ratio). The results show that the BLMM had much better performance, with the mean Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency between 0.51 (Pb) and 0.75 (Cu) in calibration and between 0.28 (Pb) and 0.71 (Zn) in validation. The inflow concentration was found to have significant impacts on the outflow concentration of all heavy metals, while the impacts of other variables on the wetland performance varied across metals, e.g., CWT and SedP showed a positive correlation to Cd and Cu, whereas media and Ratio were negatively correlated with Pb and Zn. Results also show that the 100-fold calibration and validation was superior in identifying the key influential factors.

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“…LVSs were first developed in the late 2000s as a method for improving the quality of particle analyses by collecting high solids masses. They have since been used for monitoring street runoff [21], stormwater discharges in separate sewer systems [22,23], combined sewer overflows [20,24,25], and surface waters [26][27][28]. However, the comparability with other sampling methods has not been investigated so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Volume Samplers for Efficient Composite Sampling and Particle Characterization in Sewer Systems

Nickel

Fuchs

2021

Water

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The assessment of pollution from sewer discharges requires flexible and reliable sampling methods. The characteristics of the sampling system must be known to allow comparison with other studies. Large volume samplers (LVS) are increasingly used for monitoring in sewer systems and surface waters. This article provides a comprehensive description of this widely applicable sampling system, gives insight into its comparability to standard methods, and provides recommendations for researchers and practitioners involved in water quality monitoring and urban water management. Two methods for subsampling from LVS are presented, i.e., collection of homogenized or sedimented samples. Results from a sampling campaign at combined sewer overflows (CSOs) were used to investigate the comparability of both subsampling methods and conventional autosamplers (AS). Event mean concentrations (EMC) of total suspended solids (TSS) derived from homogenized LVS samples and AS pollutographs were comparable. TSS-EMC of homogenized and sedimented LVS samples were also comparable. However, differences were found for particle size distribution and organic matter content. Consequently, sedimented LVS samples, which contained solids masses in the range of 3–70 g, are recommended to be used for particle characterization. The differences between homogenized and sedimented LVS samples, e.g., the quality of homogenization and the stability of samples during sedimentation in LVS, should be further investigated. Based on LVS results, average TSS concentrations of 50–60 mg/L were found for CSOs from centralized treatment facilities in Bavaria. With a median share of 84%, particles <63 µm were the dominant fraction.

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Adsorption of Metals to Particles in Urban Stormwater Runoff—Does Size Really Matter?

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Rainwater Management in Urban Areas

Rainwater Management in Urban Areas

Development of the data-driven models for accessing the impact of design variables on heavy metal removal in constructed wetlands

Large-Volume Samplers for Efficient Composite Sampling and Particle Characterization in Sewer Systems

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