Adsorption of Isothiazolone Biocides in Textile Reverse Osmosis Concentrate by Powdered Activated Carbon

Li, Bing-Tian; Chen, Zhuo; Wang, Wenlong; Sun, Yingxue; Zhou, Tianhui; Li, Ang; Wu, Qian-Yuan; Hu, Hong-Ying

doi:10.3390/w10040532

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Isothiazolines are produced industrially since 1970 and contain sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon in the composition . The biocidal action is related to the ability to penentrate the cell membrane and, within the cell, conduct nucleophilic attacks to enzymes containing a thiol group (−SH), impairing cellular functions. , Jia et al (2017) studied the use of the biocide NALCO 7330 (based on isothiazoline) and THPS together with d -amino acids to improve the biocidal action in a water cooling tower.…”

Section: Strategies To Reduce Biofouling In Cooling Water Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Cooling Systems and Antibiofouling Strategies: A Comprehensive Review

Proner

Meneses

Veiga

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The biofouling on cooling systems surfaces is one of the major problems in industrial processes because it causes operational drawbacks that interfere in the process performance. The application of biofouling control methods is essential in cooling system operation to minimize biofilm formation on the equipment surfaces, thus maintaining energy demand, increasing operational performance, and providing cost savings. In this context, this work presents a literature review on strategies to control biofilm on surfaces using chemical and physical methods, improving the understanding of the biofouling formation mechanism, and the adverse effects on industrial cooling system equipment. This review examines the chemical and physical methods efficiently employed as antibiofouling strategies for cooling systems, theoretical framework, recent research findings, antimicrobial mechanisms involved, advantages, limitations, feasibility, and operational range. A comparison between chemical and physical methods is highlighted, as are gaps in the literature concerning antibiofouling strategies for the surfaces of cooling systems.

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Section: Strategies To Reduce Biofouling In Cooling Water Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Cooling Systems and Antibiofouling Strategies: A Comprehensive Review

Proner

Meneses

Veiga

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…In the case of batch reactors, first-and second-order models have been used in which the rate of change of the adsorbate is proportional to the difference between adsorption at the equilibrium state and the current adsorption [10][11][12][13]. The second-order model provides a weak theoretical justification, while the first-order model is used by many authors as a universal one, regardless of the nature of adsorption (related to the adsorption isotherm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adsorption studies on PAC are usually carried out in batch reactors [12,13]. This type of research is difficult to transfer to technological systems operating continuously with variable flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption on Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) Dosed into an Anthracite-Sand Filter in Water Treatment—Model and Criterion Equations

Bielski,

Ożóg

2024

Applied Sciences

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This paper presents research on the mass dispersion and adsorption of organics present in tap water on powdered activated carbon (PAC) in a two-layer filter column. The adsorption rate depends on the difference between the concentration of organics and the equilibrium concentration. In homogeneous flocculators with simultaneous adsorption on PAC, the concentration difference is lower than in a filter column with PAC. Therefore, the utilization of the PAC’s adsorption capacity in filters is higher than in homogeneous flocculators. PAC is introduced into the upper anthracite layer of a filter bed, while the bottom layer is a sand layer, which protects the underdrain system from becoming clogged with PAC particles. The sorbent wis introduced into the bed in the final phase of filter backwashing. The authors present a model of adsorption on PAC in a filter column. Both experiments and calculations confirmed a better utilization of PAC’s adsorption capacity in the filter column compared to its utilization in a homogeneous flocculator. Three criterion equations were developed using dimensionless numbers, Re, Pe and Nu, as well as two similarity moduli related to a sorbent apparent density and an adsorption coefficient. Additionally, a relationship between the Peclet number (Pe) and the Reynolds number (Re) as well as the similarity modulus for the sorbent apparent density were determined for the mass dispersion process. The relationship between the diffusive Nuselt number (Nu) and the Re number as well as the similarity modulus for the sorbent apparent density were determined for the parameter describing an adsorbate permeation rate across a water–sorbent interface. The impact of the Re number and the similarity modulus for the sorbent apparent density on the Henry constant was also investigated. The criterion equations can be used to determine the adsorption model parameters; they may be helpful in designing a filtration system supplemented with PAC. In the capillary velocity range Vx* ∈ ⟨0.15·10−2; 0.72·10−2⟩ m/s and with a change in the apparent density of the sorbent ρp,sorb from 3000 to 12,000 g PAC/m3 of the bed, as a result of the experimental tests carried out, it was established that the actual coefficient of longitudinal dispersion Dx* varied in the range of 0.16·10−4 to 2.03·10−4 m2/s, the product of the constant mass transfer rate and the specific outer surface of sorbent k⋅am varied in the range of 2.23·10−7 to 1.70·10−6 (m/s)·(m2/g PAC), while the Henry constant Γ* varied in the range of 7.24 to 44.20 1/m3 of sorbent and the Henry constant Γ varied in the range of 0.0012 to 0.0019 m3 of water/g PAC.

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“…But current literature study shows that systematic screening of various classes of biocides in textile matrices has not been performed yet. From the available literature, it is revealed that only few studies have been explored on screening methods of banned antimicrobial agents on textile materials [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Efficient Analytical Method for the Extraction and Analysis of Biocide Contents from the Textile Test Specimens on LC-DAD

Jahangir

Khan

2020

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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Biocides are frequently used in the manufacturing of textiles that are in direct contact with human skin. Recently regulated biocides do not have validated methods for testing; so, their presence cannot be estimated in the consumer products. Hence a rapid method was developed for the separation and quantitative analysis of biocide contents (2-methyl-4-isothaizolin (MIT), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothaizolin-3-one (CIT), 2-octo-4-isothaizolin-3-one (OIT), and 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenxy) phenol (triclosan)) from the textile test specimens. Test specimens were extracted with methanolic sonication and purified by centrifugation and filtration. Biocide contents were separated at C18 column with 0.4% acetic acid: methanol (1 : 1 v/v) under isocratic mode and detected at 280 nm wavelength. Pretreatment factors such as extraction solvent, extraction method, dilution ratio, and extraction time were optimized initially and plotted calibration curve showed regression (r2 ≥ 0.9995) in the range of 1.0–5.0 mg L−1. Recoveries were between 95% and 108% with the relative standard deviation ≤ 4%. Limits of detection (LODs) were between 0.06 mg L−1 and 0.12 mg L−1 and limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 0.21 mg L−1 and 0.38 mg L−1. From the results, conclusion was made that the method can achieve the purpose of quantitative detection and the analysis of real test specimens verified the reliability of this method.

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Adsorption of Isothiazolone Biocides in Textile Reverse Osmosis Concentrate by Powdered Activated Carbon

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Industrial Cooling Systems and Antibiofouling Strategies: A Comprehensive Review

Industrial Cooling Systems and Antibiofouling Strategies: A Comprehensive Review

Adsorption on Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) Dosed into an Anthracite-Sand Filter in Water Treatment—Model and Criterion Equations

Development of an Efficient Analytical Method for the Extraction and Analysis of Biocide Contents from the Textile Test Specimens on LC-DAD

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