Adsorption of ionic surfactants on latex particles

Piirma, Irja; Chen, Shih-R

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(80)90173-3

Cited by 99 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Since the CMC decreases with increasing hydrophobic chain lengths [17], this probably indicates that the SDBS grade used in this work contains a certain amount of homologs with shorter alkyl chains. Concerning the effect of the temperature, we see that it is small, but definite: the CMC increases and Γ sat decreases with increasing temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate on poly(vinyl chloride) latexes

Vale

McKenna

2005

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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The adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) latex particles was investigated. Conductometric titrations were performed to determine the area per surfactant molecule at various temperatures (20-50ºC) and the adsorption isotherms of both emulsifiers were determined at 20ºC from surface tension titration curves. The adsorption data show some deviation with respect to the Langmuir isotherm due to their slight S-shape. The data can nevertheless be fitted very well with a limiting form of the general adsorption equation proposed by Zhu and Gu (Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 37 (1991) 1).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate on poly(vinyl chloride) latexes

Vale

McKenna

2005

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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“…37 Thus, a larger number of emulsifier molecules can be adsorbed on the droplet (particle) surface and packed more compactly at the surface with less energy. The dencer interface acts as a barrier to entering radicals.…”

Section: Polymerization Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsion Polymerization of Butyl Acrylate. Effect of Radical Scavenger and Formation of Primary Radicals

Capek

Juraničová

2000

Polym J

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:Microemulsion polymerizations of butyl acrylate initiated by dibenzoyl peroxide in the presence of a radical scavenger (RS)(stable radicals: an oil soluble RS: 4-stearoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl (STPO) and water soluble RS: 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl (HTPO)}were investigated. STPO and HTPO decreased the rate of polymerization and the decrease was more pronounced with STPO. Inorganic salts and organic additives decreased the rate of polymerization. The shift of the maximum rate of polymerization to lower conversion by increasing temperature and addition of several additives was attributed to increase of particle number and decrease of monomer concentration at the reaction loci. The decrease of the particle size in the presence of RS is attributed to retardation of particle growth. A close packed structure at the droplet surface promoted by current additives acts as a barrier for entering radicals. The larger overall activation energy in runs with STPO is discussed in terms of a depressed entry ofradicals into microdroplets.KEY WORDS Microemulsion / Butyl Acrylate/ Polymerization/ Tetramethyl Piperidine-1-oxyl Radical Scavenger/ Inorganic Salts/ Rate of Polymerization/ Polymer Particles/ In the case of microemulsion polymerization initiated by the oil-soluble initiator, there are two main approaches for the production of primary radicals : 1 -3 1) in the monomer swollen micelles or polymer particles radicals desorb to the aqueous phase and 2) in the aqueous phase radicals are generated from the fraction of the oilsoluble initiator dissolved in water. -6 A partly watersoluble initiator such as a,a'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) forms primary radicals in both the aqueous phase and in the monomer-swollen micelles. In the case of highly hydrophobic initiator the formation of radicals from the fraction of initiator dissolved in the aqueous phase is negligible, as well as exit of hydrophobic primary radicals into the aqueous phase. Microemulsion and miniemulsion polymerizations initiated by hydrophobic initiators such as dibenzoyl peroxide (DBP) or lauroyl peroxide (LPO) are reported to be relatively fast. 1 · 2 • 7 The very low water solubility of hydrophobic initiator (DBP, LPO, etc.) and radical fragments propose a very low rate of polymerization (ca. by two orders in magnitude lower than that for peroxodisulfate initiated polymerization). The strong cage effect within the microdroplets or latex particles depresses the formation of radicals in the monomer phase. However, the rate of DBP-initiated polymerization was ca. 5 times smaller than the water-soluble peroxodisulfate initiated polymerization (polymerizations carried out under the same reaction conditions). Thus, the polymerization behavior is not properly described by two reaction approaches : 1) water-phase initiation and 2) desorption of primary (monomeric) radicals formed in the microdroplets in the aqueous phase.The non-linearity between the molecular weights of the polystyrene (much below 10 5 ) and laser r...

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“…5 The area occupied by one emulsifier molecule, A E [m 2 /(mol emulsifier)], is affected by the emulsifier used, temperature, electrolyte concentration, particle size, and nature of the polymer surface. 6 According to Gu et al, 7,8 surfactant adsorption differs for low and high surface concentrations of emulsifier. At low surface concentrations, the emulsifier is adsorbed through emulsifier particle surface interactions.…”

Section: Adsorption Of Emulsifier On Latex Particle Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…16 The higher the polarity of the polymer particle surface, the stronger the mutual affinity between the emulsifier molecules themselves as compared to the affinity between the surfactant and the particle surface. 6 Despite the diminished stabilization by the surfactant, polar polymer particles may exhibit selfstabilization due to the orientation of the polar groups of the polymer at the particle surface. …”

Section: Adsorption Of Emulsifier On Latex Particle Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal stability of high-solids polystyrene and polyvinyl acetate latices

Kemmere

Meuldijk

Drinkenburg

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Commercial emulsion polymerization processes are often done with highsolids recipes (e.g., about 50 wt % monomer), resulting in relatively viscous, pseudoplastic reaction mixtures. The change in rheological behavior during high-solids emulsion polymerization complicates the operation in terms of imperfect mixing, increasing heat transfer resistance and reactor fouling. In this article, we report the influence of solids content on the colloidal stability of polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) latex systems. For the systems investigated, solids content up to 50 wt % had no influence on the colloidal stability of the latex. The influence of recipe on colloidal stability is more pronounced than the influence of operating conditions. Brownian coagulation dominates over shear coagulation for both low-and high-solids systems, although in some cases the operating conditions appear to have some effect on the course and outcome of high-solids emulsion polymerization.

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Adsorption of ionic surfactants on latex particles

Cited by 99 publications

References 7 publications

Adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate on poly(vinyl chloride) latexes

Adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate on poly(vinyl chloride) latexes

Microemulsion Polymerization of Butyl Acrylate. Effect of Radical Scavenger and Formation of Primary Radicals

Colloidal stability of high-solids polystyrene and polyvinyl acetate latices

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