Adsorption of Iodine and Bromine by Carbon Black

Watson, J. W.; Parkinson, David

doi:10.1021/ie50545a049

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Further studies have explored the adsorption of iodine on carbon materials, uncovering phenomena such as nonmonolayer coverage and the saturation of transitional porosity . Notwithstanding these early findings, classical carbon materials such as carbon black, activated carbon, and graphite − did not initially garner significant attention as adsorbents for iodine adsorption from aqueous solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N/O-Codoped Ultrathin Porous Biochar Derived from Casein for Fast Adsorption of Iodine

Wang,

Li,

Chang

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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The release of radioactive iodine into the environment poses a significant threat, as it can contaminate soil, water, and food chains, leading to detrimental effects on ecosystems and biodiversity. Hence, employing the adsorption method proves to be a simple yet effective approach for treating radioactive waste. N/Ocodoped ultrathin porous biochar, synthesized from casein using NaHCO 3 activation, emerges as a potential candidate for adsorption materials. The saturation level of I 2 adsorption in 100 mg L −1 iodine−cyclohexane solution is 73 mg•g −1 at 20 min. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments attribute this phenomenon to the presence of graphite nitrogen (N G ) and C−OH groups on the biochar surface. Furthermore, the pseudo-first-order model fits better with the experimental values, suggesting that the adsorption of iodine by the adsorbent is primarily physisorption-based. The Freundlich isotherm is suitable for iodine adsorption of biochar, owing to the abundance of adsorption sites within the porous structure, particularly at the edges, which enhance the adsorption activity. Significantly, the study highlights that N G adsorptive sites exhibit 1.5 times higher adsorption activity compared to C−OH adsorptive sites, underscoring the essential role of N G in iodine adsorption for electron transfer. Overall, these findings underscore the potential of N/O-codoped ultrathin porous biochar in effectively mitigating the presence of radioactive I 2 , showcasing its promise in addressing environmental challenges associated with radioactive contamination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N/O-Codoped Ultrathin Porous Biochar Derived from Casein for Fast Adsorption of Iodine

Wang,

Li,

Chang

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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“…A study that was conducted using carbon black with surface area of only 100 m 2 /g showed a physical adsorption of bromine with a specific capacity capability of around 1.25 mmol/g. 19 Upon electro-oxidation of the bromide ions, the bromine molecules are formed near the surface of the positive ACC electrodes. Thus, the bromine molecules are encouraged to physically adsorb to the surface of the ACC electrodes; hence, we call this technology hybrid physical adsorption and capacitive deionization (HPA-CDI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The essentially nonpolarized activated carbon exhibits a strong interaction with bromine molecules, and is thus commonly used in industry. A study that was conducted using carbon black with surface area of only 100 m 2 /g showed a physical adsorption of bromine with a specific capacity capability of around 1.25 mmol/g . Upon electro-oxidation of the bromide ions, the bromine molecules are formed near the surface of the positive ACC electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromide Ions Specific Removal and Recovery by Electrochemical Desalination

Cohen

Shapira

Avraham

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Removal and recovery of bromide ions by electro-oxidation and electro-reduction are presented using hybrid physical adsorption and capacitive deionization cells, which contain activated carbon cloth electrodes. This is a proof of concept research with results, which indicate that when comparing the removal and recovery quantities of bromide and chloride ions (starting with the same initial concentration of 0.05 M for both salts), the desalination capacity of the bromide ions is larger by almost 2 orders of magnitude than that of the chloride ions; thus, we obtained specific desalination of bromide ions from a solution containing chloride ions. Removal and recovery of 3.5 mmol of bromide ions were achieved by a working electrode with 1 g of activated carbon cloth, and the calculated energy consumption for the removal and recovery of 1 g of bromide ions was about 2.24 kJ/g.

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“…It was suggested that when the AC electrodes are polarized to 1 V, the bromide ions are electro-oxidized to bromine and physically adsorbed to the high surface area of the AC. Bromine and AC have a physical affinity to one another, 28 for example 1.25 mmol g −1 of bromine are adsorbed on carbon black (surface area of ∼100 m 2 g −1 ). Additionally, the bromine molecules are formed inside the micro-porous structure of the AC, which impairs the molecule movement back into the solution; meanwhile, other bromide ions, which are electrostatically adsorbed into the pores and are electro-oxidized, interact with the bromine molecules to give tribromide and pentabromide ions, as described by Eqs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Removal and Recovery of Bromide Ions: The Search for Stable Electrodes and Operation Modes

Cohen,

Shapira,

Shopin

et al. 2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In previous work, we introduced an elegant approach for bromide recovery from water by the introduction of a hybrid physical adsorption and capacitive deionization processes for selective removal and recovery of boron from water. In this paper, we show that the harsh environment of water contaminated with bromine-moieties adversely affects the longevity of relevant electrodes, with close to 100 consecutive work hours of bromides removal without noticeable degradation. To extend the lifespan of electrodes, we used an asymmetric CDI cell with a 1:5 positive/negative electrodes ratio in which a polarity switch between electrodes is applied every six adsorption-desorption cycles in a way that in each adsorption-desorption cycle, a different electrode of the six electrodes, functions as the positive electrode. We deduce that the polarity switch reduces oxidation and subsequent degradation of the positive electrodes, resulting in an extended lifecycle. After examining nine different carbonaceous materials, carbon cloth was chosen to be incorporated in the bromide- recovery cells because of its favorable kinetics and its physical and mechanical properties. We show that with a combination between endurance of the electrodes and asymmetric mode of operation, it is possible to overcome the main barrier that holds the technology from being practical.

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Adsorption of Iodine and Bromine by Carbon Black

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

N/O-Codoped Ultrathin Porous Biochar Derived from Casein for Fast Adsorption of Iodine

N/O-Codoped Ultrathin Porous Biochar Derived from Casein for Fast Adsorption of Iodine

Bromide Ions Specific Removal and Recovery by Electrochemical Desalination

Specific Removal and Recovery of Bromide Ions: The Search for Stable Electrodes and Operation Modes

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