Adsorption of iodide ions on bismuth single crystal planes from solutions in ethanol

Adsorption of tetraethylammonium ions on Bi(111) single crystal plane from solutions in ethanol

“…The C s -f 1/2 function was selected for extrapolation because it is linear in the wide range of lower frequencies (0.5-200 Hz). It was shown in the case of anion adsorption that obtained in this way low-frequency capacitance values are in very good agreement with the data obtained by chronocoulometry [8,12]. However, in the present system no significant errors would be introduced if we should use the single-frequency C s values for following calculations because the dependence of C s from f in the present case is much less expressed than in the case of adsorption of Cl À or I À ions.…”

“…The series differential capacitance of the electrode C was measured at several ac frequencies f in the range of 0.5 < f < 300 Hz in the potential region À1.7 < E < À0.25 V vs aqueous saturated calomel electrode (SCE), connected to the cell through a salt bridge. As was found previously [6][7][8], in solutions of perchlorates in alcohols, no irreversible changes occur on the electrode surface in the potential region À1.7 < E < 0 V (SCE). To use the traditional calculation methods, measurements were carried out in the mixed solutions 0.02x M TEAClO 4 + 0.02(1 À x) M LiClO 4 , i.e.…”

In situ infrared spectroscopic characterization of a bismuth–ethanol interface

“…Adsorption phenomena at metal-electrolyte interfaces have been studied on Hg [1][2][3] and mercury-like metals (mostly Bi) over many years, using mainly electrochemical methods [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Currently, the use of bismuth provides several advantages over the toxic mercury electrode-the solid surface of Bi can be studied using several modern in situ methods including STM and infrared spectroscopy more easily than the liquid metal surface of mercury [2][3][4]16].…”

“…The adsorption of linear alcohols at bismuth from aqueous electrolyte solutions is substantial and the adsorption activity of an alcohol depends on the hydrocarbon chain length (the increase in the absolute value of the Gibbs adsorption energy is approximately 3.5 kJ mol −1 for each additional CH 2 group) [5][6][7][8][13][14][15]. Adsorption of different halides and alkali metal cations from ethanol solution has been studied in detail by chronocoulonometry, cyclic voltammetry and impedance methods [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Anions (I − > Br − > Cl − > ClO 4 − > F − ) tend to adsorb much more strongly to bismuth electrodes than do alkali metal cations (Cs + > K + > Na + > Li + ) [5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…Anions (I − > Br − > Cl − > ClO 4 − > F − ) tend to adsorb much more strongly to bismuth electrodes than do alkali metal cations (Cs + > K + > Na + > Li + ) [5][6][7][8][9]. Iodide ions even form a surface compound at large positive surface charge density [10][11][12]. Others have shown [6] that a very small amount of residual water in ethanol does not influence the electrode capacitance in the low-current potential region.…”