Adsorption of anions at the solid-solution interface. Ellipsometric study

Bockris, J. O'm.; Paik, Woon‐kie; Genshaw, M. A.

doi:10.1021/j100718a015

Cited by 140 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Electrodeposited RuO 2 has the highest Tafel slope of about 59 mV dec −1 , which matches well with the previous studies . In this region, the Tafel slope indicates that deprotonation of the surface hydroxyl species (Surf−OH ads →Surf−O ads +H + +e − ) is the rate‐determining step according to the reaction mechanism proposed by Bockris . At higher current density, the Tafel slope of the ternary electrode is about 129 mV dec −1 , which is lower than those of Ru 0.96 Zn 0.04 O x (139 mV dec −1 ), Ru 0.33 Ti 0.67 O x (143 mV dec −1 ), and RuO 2 (150 mV dec −1 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Roughened Zn‐Doped Ru–Ti Oxide Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts by Blending Active and Activated Passive Components

et al. 2015

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An approach to decreasing the overpotential, increasing the stability, and optimizing the noble‐metal composition of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media is demonstrated. Essential components of this approach are: 1) combining an active (unstable Ru) component with a dopant (Zn)‐activated passive (stable Ti) element, 2) blending these elements by co‐electrodeposition in an acidic environment in which dissolution of the unstable component (excess Ru) promotes roughness, and 3) further increasing the roughness of the resultant electrode through chemical inhomogeneity by the incorporation of Ti and through structural inhomogeneity by incorporation of Zn in RuO2. The composition of the electrode with the maximal activity is Ru0.258Ti0.736Zn0.006Ox, and its activity is four times higher than that of RuO2. The electrochemical stability towards the OER follows the order RuTiZn>RuTi>RuZn>Ru. This design strategy provides a facile method to improve activity without compromising stability.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Roughened Zn‐Doped Ru–Ti Oxide Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts by Blending Active and Activated Passive Components

et al. 2015

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“…The Tafel slope was around 47 mV dec −1 for the electrodeposited Co 3 O 4 catalyst. The Tafel slope indicates that deprotonation of −OH is the rate‐determining step for the OER (S−OH→S−O+H + +e − ) as per the reaction mechanism proposed by Bockris . The Tafel slope of Co 3 O 4 on the modified carbon support indicates a small reduction in the value but no change in the reaction mechanism with regard to the OER.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Enhanced Water Oxidation Activity of the Cobalt(II,III) Oxide Electrocatalyst on an Earth‐Abundant‐Metal‐Interlayered Hybrid Porous Carbon Support

et al. 2016

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Supports over which electrocatalysts are deposited play a crucial role in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), because they influence the surface roughness, morphology, electronic structure, and conductivity of electrocatalysts. In this context, we designed a hybrid carbon support having an earth‐abundant metal as an interlayer between a Co3O4 electrocatalyst and a carbon support. The present approach resulted in an electrode that was three dimensional with high porosity, provided low resistance to parallel electron conduction pathways through the metallic interlayer, and modulated the electrocatalytic activity of Co3O4 by affecting its electronic structure. To rationalize the effect of the metal interlayer, a range of non‐noble earth‐abundant metals (e.g. Cu, Mo, Ti, Al) were explored, of which the Cu‐modified carbon support resulted in maximum specific activity (i.e. activity per electrochemical surface area) for the OER. Whereas both the electronegativity and conductivity of the metal interlayer were found to influence the OER activity, the dominant controlling factor in the explored systems was conductivity. The specific activity of the OER of electrodeposited Co3O4 was found to have a near‐linear relationship between the electrical conductivity and the electron‐donor metals (e.g. Ti, Al) and another near‐linear relationship having different intercepts with electron‐acceptor metals (e.g. Cu, Mo, W). The above understanding can be useful in increasing the OER activity of electrocatalysts through support–electrocatalyst interactions.

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“…was therefore proved to be reversible, with no apparent damage such as desorption, breaking of covalent bonds, or loss of activity caused to the peptide monolayer by the negative voltage pulse. The much smaller signal drop in the reference channel is attributed to desorption, of specifically adsorbed ions (primarily chlorine) [22][23][24], charge accumulation at the gold electrode [17,18], and minor desorption of the blocking proteins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two plots in the inset were shifted to coincide at t 4 to stress the different effect of voltage pulse on the two channels. The signal in the antibody channel combined two effects, the fast, fully reversible reaction of the buffer and gold electrode to the pulse [17,18,[22][23][24] and the slower antibody dissociation process. Best exponential fits to the segments t 2 → t 3 , t 3 → t 4 , t 4 → t 5 , respectively, yielded 250 ± 70, 150 ± 20, and 4.5 ± 1.0 s dissociation times.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%