Adsorption of Ammonia Onto Activatedcarbon Prepared From Rice Straw.

Abstract

Many techniques were proposed for removal of ammonia as hazardous pollutant. Adsorption of ammonia from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon (prepared from rice straw as agricultural waste by calcination then activation with sodium hydroxide) was studied in batch reactor. Comparison of linear least-squares and trial-and-error nonlinear methods of widely used isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson) was examined. Results manifest that adsorption rate increases with temperature for calcination and activation. Maximum adsorption capacity of prepared activated carbon is96.4 mg.g …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-Different governments adopted new regulations in order to control pollutant emissions. Among them, ammonia is considered an important health hazard because it is poisonous if inhaled in great quantities (breathing levels above 50-100 ppm) while it can cause eyes, throat and nose irritation in lesser concentrations. Actual ammonia emissions are generated mainly from the fertilizer manufacture industry, coke manufacture, fossil fuel combustion, livestock and poultry management, and refrigeration methods. Among all these sources, fertilizers production accounts for about 90%of total ammonia emissions (Gonçalves et al.,2011).Many techniques have been proposed in the literature for the removal of NH 3 in industrial effluents. These include absorption by solution, reaction with other gases, ion exchange using polymeric resins, separation using membranes, thermal treatment, catalytic decomposition and adsorption by porous solids which are economically convenient for high concentration pollutants (Pez et al.,1988;Blonigen, et al., 2003;Blonigenet al.,2005;Yunlong et al.,2015;Jared et al., 2016 ).Some of these techniques (e.g. thermal combustion) are they become economically unviable for diluted waste streams. For these special cases adsorption on porous solids (e.g. activated carbons, zeolites, and so on) can be an excellent approach (Huang et al.,2008; Kim, and Park,2007;Le Leuch, and Bandosz, 2007; Park and Jin,2005;Petit and Bandosz, 2009; Zawadzki et al.,2003;Bernal, et al., 1993; Bandosz and Petit,2009;Grant et al.,2012).Among the different porous solids described in the literature, activated carbons exhibit certain advantages such as a high "apparent" surface area, a highly developed porous structure in order to adapt it for a special application, in addition to its simplicity and economy in configuration and operation.

Removal techniques of ammonia from drinking water and wastewater in Egypt and developing countries: a review study

“…Ghany et al [38] studied the adsorption of ammonia on activated carbon from rice straw in batch mode. They compared the results statistically using the linear least square method, trial and error nonlinear method of the most common isotherms.…”

Selective removal of ammonia from wastewater using Cu(II)-loaded Amberlite IR-120 resin and its catalytic application for removal of dyes

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“…Large number of adsorbents applied for removal of NH3-N from wastewater, among of these adsorbents various type of zeolites (Peng, Chai et al 2017), clays, bentonite (Cheng, Zhu et al 2019), fly ash (Tang, Xu et al 2020), activated carbon (Ghany, Ahmed et al 2017) and synthetic organic resin (Han, Butterly et al 2021). However, these conventional adsorbents have low adsorption capacity and required secondary physical and chemical treatments that increase the adsorption operation costs .…”