Adsorption‐Catalysis‐Conversion of Polysulfides in Sandwiched Ultrathin Ni(OH)₂‐PANI for Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Abstract

711 mAh g -1 at 0.2 C after 500 cycles. We believe that this ingenious design could provide creative insights for the optimized design of adsorption-catalysis-conversion cathode for the future practical application of Li-S batteries.

Bifunctional Separator with Ultra-Lightweight MnO2 Coating for Highly Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…Li–S batteries, with a theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mA h g –1 and an energy density of 2600 W h kg –1 , are one of the potential representatives for modern high-performance lithium-based batteries. − The sulfur element, with its natural abundance and environmental friendliness, also contributes to low-carbon and sustainable energy development. − However, the shuttling effect of the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) leads to the simultaneous loss of sulfur and lithium anodes, serious corrosion of the lithium anode and electrolyte consumption, poor cycle life, and low coulomb efficiency. At the same time, the lithium dendrites formed by the uneven deposition of the highly active Li metal anode will pierce the separator and pose serious safety hazards. − As the screen between the cathode and anode, the separator is a vital component, providing channels for Li + transport while blocking electron conduction. − The commercial battery separator with large pores and a hydrophobic surface, such as a polypropylene (PP) separator, is not suitable for Li–S batteries in long cycles.…”

Recent advances in li metal anode protection for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries

“…However, carbon-only sulfur hosts have limitations owing to their reliance on physical interactions with LiPSs, such as Van der Waals forces and confinement effects, which are not sufficient for effectively capturing dissolved LiPSs. Consequently, research has evolved toward incorporating other components with carbon that induce chemical adsorption effects on LiPSs or catalytic effects to accelerate the conversion reactions of LiPSs, thereby suppressing the LiPS shuttle effect [174][175][176][177]. Previous studies predominantly focused on using polar metal compounds to achieve chemical adsorption and catalytic effects [178].…”

A Polysulfide-Repulsive, In Situ Solidified Cathode–Electrolyte Interface for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…2600 Wh kg –1 , represents one of the cutting-edge electrochemical energy storage technologies for enabling long-driving-distance electric vehicles. − Currently, the electrochemical energy storage via the Li–S system is impeded by the inferior practical performance of the battery. − Formation and dissolution of Li polysulfide (LiPS) intermediates at the cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) have been identified as two of the most notorious issues that hinder the stable operation of Li–S batteries. − During the discharge–charge process, the continuous loss of LiPSs from the S particle surface not only depletes active S on the cathode but also increases the salt concentration of the electrolyte and triggers unfavorable parasitic reactions with Li metal that passivate the anode. As a result, the Li–S batteries usually show significant capacity decay upon continuous cycling or raising the discharge–charge rate. − In addition to physically or chemically adsorbing the LiPSs by the cathode host, − solid electrolytes were also proposed to suppress LiPS formation and shuttling and to enable the stable operation of Li–S batteries. − However, most of the solid electrolytes show low bulk Li + conductivity and poor contact with the electrodes, which could hinder charge transfer and result in poor kinetics of the electrode reaction. , In situ creation of a partially solidified electrode–electrolyte interface (mostly the S-electrolyte interface) from one or more liquid electrolyte components has been proven effective in inhibiting LiPS shuttling while maintaining fast charge transfer owing to improved interfacial contact with the S cathode (Table S1). , At the solidified interface, the LiPSs show much-reduced solubility, which accounts for a large mass transfer resistance from the cathode to the electrolyte and forms the basis of LiPS inhibition.…”