The
chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared by the
reduction of graphene oxide by hydrazine hydrate. By varying the reduction
time (10 min, 1 h, and 15 h), oxygen functional groups on rGO were
tremendously controlled and they were named RG1, RG2, and RG3, respectively.
Here, we investigate the impact of oxygen functional groups on the
detection of ammonia and toluene at room temperature. Their effect
on sensing mechanism was analyzed by first-principles calculation-based
density functional theory. The sensing material was fabricated, and
the effect of reduction time shown improved the recovery of ammonia
and toluene sensing at room temperature. Structural, morphological,
and electrical characterizations were performed on both RG1 and RG3.
The sensor response toward toluene vapor of 300 ppm was found to vary
4.4, 2.5, and 3.8% for RG1, RG2, and RG3, respectively. Though RG1
shows higher sensing response with poor recovery, RG3 exhibited complete
desorption of toluene after the sensing process with response and
recovery times of approximately 40 and 75 s, respectively. The complete
recovery of toluene molecules on RG3 is due to the generation of new
sites after the reduction of oxygen functionalities on its surface.
It could be suggested that these sites provided anchor to ammonia
and toluene molecules and good recovery under N
2
purge.
Both theoretical and experimental studies revealed that tuning the
oxygen functional groups on rGO could play a vital role in the detection
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on rGO sheets and was discussed
in detail. This study could provoke knowledge about rGO-based sensor
dependency with oxygen functional groups and shed light on effective
monitoring of VOCs under ambient conditions for air quality monitoring
applications.