Adsorption and Photocatalysis Performance of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ Nanoparticles Synthesized via a Polyacrylamide Gel Route

Abstract

A polyacrylamide gel route was adopted to synthesize Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 nanoparticles and the effect of chelating agents on the products was investigated. When citric acid and acetic acid is separately used as the chelating agent, single-phase Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 samples can be prepared at a calcination temperature of 500 C; however, when tartaric acid or EDTA is used as the chelating agent, a higher calcination temperature of 600 C is required to produce single-phase samples. SEM observation shows that the as-prepared samples are composed of sphere-like or ellipsoid-like particles. The average particle size of the citric acid-, acetic acid-, tartaric acid-, and EDTA-resulted samples is centered around 32, 35, 90 and 120 nm, respectively. The bandgap energy of the four samples is measured to be 3.27 eV by ultraviolet-visible diffuse re ectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 samples was evaluated by degrading RhB under simulated-sunlight irradiation, and the in uence of pH value on the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of the dye was also investigated. Ethanol, BQ and AO were respectively used as the scavengers of •OH, •O 2 − and h + to investigate their effect on the photocatalytic degradation with the aim of revealing the photocatalytic mechanism involved. Based on the experimental results, the direct oxidation by h + is suggested to be the main mechanism toward the dye degradation.

A novel Bi4Ti3O12/Ag3PO4 heterojunction photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic performance

“…For Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 sample, all diffraction peaks are in good agreement with those in the JCPDS card no. 035-0795, indicating that the sample crystallizes in a pure Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 orthorhombic phase [54]. For Ag 3 PO 4 sample, all diffraction peaks can be indexed according to the standard diffraction lines in the JCPDS card no.…”

“…Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 nanoparticles were synthesized via a polyacrylamide gel route as described in the literature [54]. All raw materials and chemical reagents were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.…”

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Acacia ehrenbergiana Plant Cortex Extract for Efficient Removal of Rhodamine B Cationic Dye from Wastewater and the Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity

“…The top-down method reduces large units into nanosized structures, while the bottom-up method builds nanosized structures from small units. On the other hand, the methodologies of nanomaterial synthesis can be classified into biological, physical, chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical techniques. − Although most of these methods produce clean and well-defined nanomaterials, most are expensive, time-consuming, and not eco-friendly due to the need to use toxic chemicals. However, the biological method is considered environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and scalable. − …”

Versatile Titanates: Classification, Property, Preparation, and Sustainable Energy Catalysis

“…Currently, bismuth‐based titanates with a variety of morphologies have been acquired based on electrospinning process, oxidant peroxide method, aqueous sol–gel method, molten salt method, sonochemical method, coprecipitation method, and solid state method, etc. [ 67,68 ] Furthermore, single‐crystalline Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 and Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 , can also be easily obtained and such single domain structure can acquire strong spontaneous polarized field to induce the photoinduced charge separation, beneficial to the enhanced efficiency of solar fuel evolution. [ 56,69,70 ] It is vital to reasonably manipulate the stoichiometric ratio of Bi and Ti to form pure bismuth titanate, [ 71 ] and tuning synthetic conditions, such as reaction route, temperature, may well govern the corresponding phase.…”