Adsorption and electrochemical behavior of Cyt-c on carbon nanotubes/TiO2 nanocomposite films fabricated at various annealing temperatures

Excellent Protein Immobilization and Stability on Heterogeneous C–TiO2 Hybrid Nanostructures: A Single Protein AFM Study

“…Of different materials that can be used to modify the surface of TiO 2 , carbon is particularly important, improving the electrochemical activity and conductivity. , For example, surface modification to form hybrid TiO 2 –carbon materials has been used to improve the conductivity of TiO 2 . − These hybrid materials may show simultaneously both the electron conductivity of carbon and the corrosion resistance of metal oxides. However, in most of the previous works, the carbon-modified TiO 2 was fully covered by carbon, potentially reducing the advantages of TiO 2 , and the immobilization and stability of the biomolecules on the surface were decreased. , Therefore, a partial or heterogeneous coverage by carbon of the TiO 2 surface can be an effective way to maintain the combined advantages of both carbon and TiO 2 .…”

The Use of Electrochemical Voltammetric Techniques and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography to Evaluate Conjugation Efficiency of Multiple Sclerosis Peptide-Carrier Conjugates

“…All these features are crucial for the correct choice of a working electrode, especially when direct electrochemistry is conducted [ 1 ]. We recently demonstrated that these film electrodes modified or not, could be used for electrochemical drug sensing, for validation in food chemistry, and for the immobilization of heme proteins for studying protein/electrode interaction [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The electrochemical analytical methods were recently applied effectively in the detection of anti-hypertensive drug losartan [ 3 ] and have applied this method to detect peptides in peptide-carrier conjugates.…”

“…As such, mannan was used as a carrier and conjugated to immunodominant MS peptides including MBP 83-99 , PLP 139-141 , and MOG 35-55 or their analogues, and were shown in animal models to tolerize T cells or switch Th1 cells to Th2 cells, depending on the peptide analogue used and showed stimulation of Th2 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with MS [ 17 , 21 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. The conjugation of mannan, in its oxidized form (OM), to MOG 35-55 peptide (MOG 35-55 was used as an example in this study) via a (Lys-Gly) 5 linker [(KG) 5 ] was used and evaluated (OM-(KG) 5 -MOG 35-55 conjugate) using voltammetric techniques [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The conjugation between OM and peptide (MOG 35-55 ) occurs via formation of Schiff bases between the free amines of the linker (KG) 5 and aldehydes of OM.…”