Abstract:Biodegradable plastics have been increasingly used as a solution to the problem of plastic pollution in recent years. However, there are few studies on the negative effects of biodegradable microplastics. Triclosan, a widely used disinfectant, is a highly toxic substance. In the present study, the adsorption and desorption processes of triclosan on a type of biodegradable plastics, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), were investigated and also compared with one conventional plastic type, polyethylene. The adsorption eq… Show more
“…A comparative experimental study between MPs from LDPE and biodegradable plastics (starch-based plastic) mulch revealed that MPs from biodegradable plastic mulch has a stronger negative impact on wheat growth than PE mulch, which might be because biodegradable plastic mulch contains 18.3% polybutylene terephthalate and 44.6% PET, which stops starch induced nitrogen movement 16 . Another study on the adsorption and desorption kinetics of PE and PHB MPs also confirmed that triclosan (a common disinfectant used in plastics) equilibrium adsorption and desorption rate of PE is greater than PHB (3431.85 and 9442.27 μg/g, respectively), and PHB easily releases it compared with PE 150 .…”
Section: Terrestrial Ecosystemmentioning
confidence: 71%
“…16 Another study on the adsorption and desorption kinetics of PE and PHB MPs also confirmed that triclosan (a common disinfectant used in plastics) equilibrium adsorption and desorption rates of PE is greater than that of PHB (3431.85 and 9442.27 μg g −1 , respectively), and PHB easily releases it compared with PE. 150…”
Section: Microplastics In Ecosystemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…16 Another study on the adsorption and desorption kinetics of PE and PHB MPs also conrmed that triclosan (a common disinfectant used in plastics) equilibrium adsorption and desorption rates of PE is greater than that of PHB (3431.85 and 9442.27 mg g À1 , respectively), and PHB easily releases it compared with PE. 150 On the other hand, an experimental study revealed that the presence of MPs in soil enhanced the shoot and root mass of an invasive species with drought because MPs in soil helped reduce soil bulk density facilitating better aeration, water holding capacity, and root penetration; thus, they could rapidly reach limited water resources which enhanced the productivity of invasive species. 151 The growth of spring onion depended on the type of MPs.…”
Microplastic (MPs) pollution is an emerging threat to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It is abundant, environmentally persistent, and complex. Environmental, economic, and societal concerns over the effect of MP pollution...
“…A comparative experimental study between MPs from LDPE and biodegradable plastics (starch-based plastic) mulch revealed that MPs from biodegradable plastic mulch has a stronger negative impact on wheat growth than PE mulch, which might be because biodegradable plastic mulch contains 18.3% polybutylene terephthalate and 44.6% PET, which stops starch induced nitrogen movement 16 . Another study on the adsorption and desorption kinetics of PE and PHB MPs also confirmed that triclosan (a common disinfectant used in plastics) equilibrium adsorption and desorption rate of PE is greater than PHB (3431.85 and 9442.27 μg/g, respectively), and PHB easily releases it compared with PE 150 .…”
Section: Terrestrial Ecosystemmentioning
confidence: 71%
“…16 Another study on the adsorption and desorption kinetics of PE and PHB MPs also confirmed that triclosan (a common disinfectant used in plastics) equilibrium adsorption and desorption rates of PE is greater than that of PHB (3431.85 and 9442.27 μg g −1 , respectively), and PHB easily releases it compared with PE. 150…”
Section: Microplastics In Ecosystemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…16 Another study on the adsorption and desorption kinetics of PE and PHB MPs also conrmed that triclosan (a common disinfectant used in plastics) equilibrium adsorption and desorption rates of PE is greater than that of PHB (3431.85 and 9442.27 mg g À1 , respectively), and PHB easily releases it compared with PE. 150 On the other hand, an experimental study revealed that the presence of MPs in soil enhanced the shoot and root mass of an invasive species with drought because MPs in soil helped reduce soil bulk density facilitating better aeration, water holding capacity, and root penetration; thus, they could rapidly reach limited water resources which enhanced the productivity of invasive species. 151 The growth of spring onion depended on the type of MPs.…”
Microplastic (MPs) pollution is an emerging threat to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It is abundant, environmentally persistent, and complex. Environmental, economic, and societal concerns over the effect of MP pollution...
“…Of them, triclosan (TCS) is known to be a persistent endocrine disruptor that can bioaccumulate in different aquatic organisms [111]. Tong et al [112] have shown that the sorption of TCS in bio-MPs of PHB was far higher than in the MW of PE and that TCS could be easily desorbed from PHB and polyethylene under physiological conditions. Their results highlight the problems of PHB bio-MPs, even if the similarity between their laboratory conditions and reality is questionable.…”
Plastic accumulation's negative impact on aquatic ecosystems is a known and undeniable problem. Much of the scientific community's efforts are focused on the effects of the most common commodity plastics, but the consequences of the so-called biodegradable plastics in these ecosystems have been little discussed. Although their biodegradable characteristic generates the widespread belief that they are harmless to the environment, it has been proven many years ago that this property cannot be taken lightly. The material´s end-of-life fate is critical to classify it as biodegradable or not. In this context, many plastics classified as biodegradable do not meet the requirements of norms and standards to be considered biodegradable in aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, during the last five years, the scientific community has shown that they can give rise to the formation of bio-microplastics during their degradation, which can have similar effects to those of conventional microplastics or even worse. This review will detail all recent information regarding how biodegradable plastics can influence aquatic ecosystems, causing adverse health effects in living beings or acting as vectors of chemical pollutants. Besides, the key points that must be addressed in greater depth will be identified, including the need to consider a greater variety of biodegradable plastics and develop systematic methods that allow quantifying and identifying the remains of these pollutants in living species. Another aspect to consider is the dynamics of arrival and mobilization of microplastics in the oceans. It should be studied how small animals fed by filterings, such as red crabs and other zooplankton organisms, move the microplastic through the water column and get into food webs. These particles are mistakenly ingested by the number of species at different trophic levels, where bioaccumulation in tissues must be considered a toxicity factor. Finally, a series of recommendations and future perspectives will be listed.
“…The findings demonstrated that BMPs could act as stronger vectors than conventional ones in the environment. Although microplastics have good adsorption properties for pollutants, their migration ability is not high (Tong et al 2021). By establishing a plastic migration model, the researchers predicted that the migration of microplastics was 4-6 orders of magnitude lower than that of other substances migrating with ocean current (Zarfl and Matthies 2010).…”
Section: Can Bmps Act As Stronger Vectors For Chemical Pollutants and Microorganisms?mentioning
With the increasingly serious pollution of plastics, biodegradable plastics (BDPs) have attracted attention as a new material that can replace conventional plastics in certain applications. The global production of BDPs also gradually increases in recent years. However, unfortunately, with the application of BDPs, some potential problems are gradually exposed. The biodegradability of BDPs needs suitable conditions, which is difficult for the natural environment to reach the necessary conditions. If the degradation conditions are not met, BDPs and conventional plastics are basically the same in terms of the longevity. The biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) can also be formed by BDPs entering the environment. Up to now, the research on the degradation and application of BDPs is relatively common. The environmental and ecological effects of the BMPs, the adsorption and release of toxic substances, and the role of BMPs as vectors of microorganisms, epiphytes, and plants still need to be studied. This paper focuses on the formation mechanism and the environmental behavior of BMPs. The role of BMPs as multiple stronger vectors of microorganisms and pollutants compared to conventional microplastics is also discussed. Systematic research on environmental pollution and ecotoxicology of BMPs should be carried out as soon as possible.
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