Adsorbing vs. Nonadsorbing Tracers for Assessing Pesticide Transport in Arable Soils

13C- and 15N-Isotope Analysis of Desphenylchloridazon by Liquid Chromatography–Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry and Derivatization Gas Chromatography–Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry

“…The developed method was applied to investigate whether it is possible to track DPC deriving from different CLZ sources in seepage water (collected from a lysimeter site, described in detail by Torrentó et al 47 ). Thereto, 30 μg/L CLZ (δ 15 N = -31.5 ± 1.0 ‰) were spiked into 10 L seepage water that contained 10 µg/L DPC (δ 15 N = -15.1 ± 1.0 ‰) originating from another CLZ source from previous experiments.…”

Bromide reactivity in topsoil: Implications for use as a “conservative” tracer in assessing quantity and quality of water

“…Any biotic transformation of bromide to organic bromine would not be observed under these conditions. There are, as already mentioned in the Introduction, many examples of bromide mass balances being incomplete in tracer studies where bromide was applied on the soil surface (e.g., Brown et al, 2000;Hagedorn et al, 2015;Lange et al, 1996;Mehrtens et al, 2020;Torrentó et al, 2018;Wessolek et al, 2000;Wettstein et al, 2016;Whitmer et al, 2000;Wilson et al, 1993). However, there are also examples of high recoveries, so the question is if these examples are contradictory to the proposed non-conservative behavior due to bromination in topsoil?…”

“…Many bromide tracer studies are conducted in soils used for agriculture, which are very different from the organic forest and peat soils used in previous bromination studies, especially with regards to organic matter content and pH, which both have shown to be important parameters in soil halogenation reactions (Gustavsson et al., 2012; Öberg et al., 1996). There are many examples of bromide mass balances being incomplete in tracer studies where bromide was applied on the soil surface (e.g., Brown et al., 2000; Hagedorn et al., 2015; Lange et al., 1996; Mehrtens et al., 2020; Torrentó et al., 2018; Wessolek et al., 2000; Wettstein et al., 2016; Whitmer et al., 2000; Wilson et al., 1993). Also examples on unexpected bromide leaching at later stages of a tracer experiment are reported in the literature, where all bromide should have been flushed from the system (Bero et al., 2016; Mehrtens et al., 2020).…”

Photodegradation of pesticides using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA): a review

“…The combination of CSIA and large volume extraction makes it possible to measure herbicide and metabolite mixtures in the natural environment, with the pre-treatment of carbon and nitrogen isotopes with high accuracy and feasibility. 139 During testing, high temperature conversion (HTC) enables the direct pyrolysis of organically bound hydrogen elements into hydrogen analysis gas, thus facilitating hydrogen-containing compound-specic isotope analysis (CSIA) and optimizing the CSIA-H test method. This method is challenging for organics that contain nitrogen, chlorine and sulphur, as the Cr-based reactor system (Cr/HTC) can overcome interference by quantitative removal of heteroatoms due to the presence of hydrogen by-products.…”

“…Some technical methods that can be used to assist compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) a Extraction conditions, including the nature and volume of the elution solvent, the amount of sorbent, and the solution pH were optimized Torrentó et al139 High-temperature conversion (HTC)Test Direct pyrolysis of organically bound hydrogen into hydrogen gas for analysis Wu et al28 …”