Adsorbents development for hydrogen cleanup from ammonia decomposition in a catalytic membrane reactor

Cechetto, Valentina; Struijk, Cynthia Lan; Felice, Luca Di; Bouter, Anouk W.N. de Leeuw den; Gallucci, Fausto

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.140762

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Therefore, to improve the service life and power generation efficiency of subsequent FCs, the purification of NH 3 decomposition gas is of great significance [173]. Currently, the purification of NH 3 decomposition gas is primarily studied in H 2 -selective membranes [174], membrane reactors [175][176][177], and the liquefaction of N 2 [178]. The second research route involves purifying the gas resulting from NH3 decomposition.…”

Section: Research Routes Of Ia-pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Hu,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Energies

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Due to high greenhouse gas emissions, countries worldwide are stepping up their emission reduction efforts, and the global demand for new, carbon-free fuels is growing. Ammonia (NH3) fuels are popular due to their high production volume, high energy efficiency, ease of storage and transportation, and increased application in power equipment. However, their physical characteristics (e.g., unstable combustion, slow flame speed, and difficult ignition) limit their use in power equipment. Based on the structural properties of the power equipment, NH3 fuel application and emissions characteristics were analyzed in detail. Combustion of NH3 fuels and reduction measures for NOx emissions (spark plug ignition, compression ignition, and gas turbines) were analyzed from various aspects of operating conditions (e.g., mixed fuel, fuel-to-exhaust ratio, and equivalence ratio), structure and strategy (e.g., number of spark plugs, compression ratio (CR), fuel injection, and ignition mode), and auxiliary combustion techniques (e.g., preheating, humidification, exhaust gas recirculation, and secondary air supply). The performance of various NH3 fuel cell (FC) types was analyzed, with a focus on the maximum power achievable for different electrolyte systems. Additionally, the application and NOx emissions of indirect NH3 FCs were evaluated under flame and catalytic combustion conditions. The system efficiency of providing heat sources by burning pure NH3, anode tail gas, and NH3 decomposition gas was also compared. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the key factors influencing the performance and emissions of NH3-powered equipment were identified. The challenges and limitations of NH3-powered equipment were summarized, and potential strategies for improving efficiency and reducing emissions were proposed. These findings provide valuable insights for the future development and application of NH3 FCs.

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Section: Research Routes Of Ia-pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Hu,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…However, while hydrogen produced in these works is not suitable to be directly used as fuel for such devices, it could be still used for this purpose if a hydrogen purification stage would be introduced between the membrane reactor and the PEMFC. Several studies available in the literature demonstrate in fact that the purification of hydrogen from residual ammonia can be carried out by means of commercially available NH 3 sorbents as well as by means of zeolites. − , Sitar et al experimentally demonstrated that the residual ammonia impurities in the hydrogen stream can be reduced from ∼1000 ppm to values below 0.025 ppm using the earth-abundant zeolite clinoptilolite as adsorbent material for ammonia removal. The measure of such low NH 3 concentrations was determined by analyzing the position of the reaction front and the volume of gas passing through Draeger tubes packed with a yellow adsorbent material that irreversibly turns purple upon ammonia exposure.…”

Section: Membrane Reactors For Hydrogen Production From Ammonia Decom...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For hydrogen purification from ammonia, instead, given the high solubility of ammonia in water, the unreacted ammonia can be removed through water absorption. Alternatively, commercially available adsorbent materials ,,− and ion-exchange forms of different type of zeolites − can also be used to reduce the residual ammonia concentration in the hydrogen stream to levels that are suitable for PEM fuel cell application through adsorption. As another alternative, RenCat proposed a selective ammonia oxidation reactor (SAO) as a cleaning method, but data on catalyst performance and durability have not been found in the literature.…”

Section: Hydrogen Production From Ammonia Decomposition With and With...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Perspectives of H₂ Production from NH₃ Decomposition in Membrane Reactors

2023

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Hydrogen is often regarded as an ideal energy carrier. Its use in energy conversion devices does in fact not produce any pollutants. However, due to challenges related to its transportation and storage, liquid hydrogen carriers are being investigated. Among the liquid hydrogen carriers, ammonia is considered very promising because it is easy to store and transport, and its conversion to hydrogen has only nitrogen as a byproduct. This work focuses on a review of the latest results of studies dealing with ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production. After a general introduction to the topic, this review specifically focuses on works presenting results of membrane reactors for ammonia decomposition, particularly describing the different reactor configurations and operating conditions, membrane properties, catalysts, and purification steps that are required to achieve pure hydrogen for fuel cell applications.

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“…In case of application in PEM fuel cells, according to ISO 14687:2019 [59], NH 3 concentration in the hydrogen stream must not exceed 0.1 ppm. While the residual NH 3 concentration in the hydrogen stream has not been evaluated in this work, it has already been demonstrated in literature that commercially available adsorbent materials [12,16,31,[60][61][62][63] or ion-exchange forms of different type of zeolites [63][64][65][66] can be used to reduce the residual ammonia concentration in the hydrogen stream to levels that are suitable for PEM fuel cell application. A comparison between the experimental results achieved in this work and others available in recent literature is presented in Table 5.…”

Section: Permeation Tests Under Reactive Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic Supported Pd-Ag Membranes for Simultaneous Ammonia Decomposition and H2 Separation in a Membrane Reactor: Experimental Proof of Concept

et al. 2023

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The use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier requires efficient cracking technology. A promising solution is the use of a membrane reactor (MR), which enables both ammonia decomposition and hydrogen separation to take place within the same device, providing advantages in terms of efficiency and compactness compared to conventional systems. The literature reports that ceramic-supported double-skinned Pd-Ag membranes show outstanding performance for hydrogen separation as well as good stability of the separation layer during ammonia decomposition. However, their sealing in the reactor may result in leakage increase, while their mechanical stability remains an unresolved issue. To circumvent these limitations, the use of metallic supported Pd-based membranes is recommended, due to their higher mechanical stability and ease of sealing and integration in the reactor. In this work, we propose the development of robust metallic supported hydrogen-selective membranes for integration in membrane reactors for ammonia cracking. A conventional Pd-Ag membrane was prepared on a low-cost porous Hastelloy X tubular filter, modified with α-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 to reach the desired surface quality. The membrane was then tested for ammonia decomposition in a MR configuration, showing the ability to reach >99% NH3 conversion above 475 °C with H2 feed recovery >60%. The results achieved pave the way towards a possible substitute for the ceramic-supported alternatives.

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Adsorbents development for hydrogen cleanup from ammonia decomposition in a catalytic membrane reactor

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Advances and Perspectives of H₂ Production from NH₃ Decomposition in Membrane Reactors

Metallic Supported Pd-Ag Membranes for Simultaneous Ammonia Decomposition and H2 Separation in a Membrane Reactor: Experimental Proof of Concept

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Adsorbents development for hydrogen cleanup from ammonia decomposition in a catalytic membrane reactor

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Advances and Perspectives of H2 Production from NH3 Decomposition in Membrane Reactors

Metallic Supported Pd-Ag Membranes for Simultaneous Ammonia Decomposition and H2 Separation in a Membrane Reactor: Experimental Proof of Concept

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Advances and Perspectives of H₂ Production from NH₃ Decomposition in Membrane Reactors