Adsorbents and removal strategies of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from contaminated water bodies

Mlunguza, Nomchenge Yamkelani; Ncube, Somandla; Mahlambi, Precious; Chimuka, Luke; Madikizela, Lawrence Mzukisi

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2019.103142

Cited by 104 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…This could be due to ibuprofen's high therapeutic dose (600 to 1 200 mg/d), of which 70-80% is excreted as the parent compound, or in the form of metabolites. The incompletely absorbed medication is excreted into the sewage system along with the unused drugs that may be disposed of via drains and toilets (Mlunguza et al, 2019) and hence find their way to the treatment plants. It could also be as a result of wastewater from industries, including pharmaceutical manufacturing, which has a high content of organic matter which the organic pollutants can adsorb onto.…”

Section: Concentrations Obtained In Wastewater Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have now been included in the list of ecologically active chemical entities under the global United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). Pharmaceuticals are not completely metabolized by our bodies; therefore, they are excreted from human bodies, as either metabolites or parent compounds via urine, faeces or sweat, into sewage, and hence make their way into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (Mlunguza et al, 2019). Human waste streams and WWTPS have been regarded as the main source of pharmaceutical residues together with their metabolites entering the environment (Gracia-Lor et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be due to limited analytical facilities available; also there is a lack of suitable and sensitive methods that can be used to effectively analyse these organic pollutants (Agunbiade and Moodley, 2016). However, there has been some progress made in the past 3 years on the environmental monitoring and assessment of pharmaceuticals in African countries, and the number of published papers and review articles has steadily increased (including Madikizela et al, 2018;Mbhele et al, 2018;Mosla et al, 2018;Sibeko et al, 2019;Branchet et al, 2019;Mlunguza et al, 2019;Fekadu et al, 2019;Madikizela et al, 2020;K' oreje et al, 2020). A review on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater aquatic environments in the African and European continents indicated that ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen and diclofenac were amongst the top 10 frequently detected and quantified compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SPE-LC-PDA method development and application for the analysis of selected pharmaceuticals in river and wastewater samples from South Africa

Hlengwa

Mahlambi

2020

WSA

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The occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment has been a growing concern. However, there is little information on the concentration levels of pharmaceuticals in African countries. This indicates the need and the importance to develop sensitive methods that can detect these compounds at trace levels (ng/L–µg/L). This work reports on the development of solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–photo diode array (SPE-LC-PDA) analysis. The method was then applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds (ibuprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen, carbamazepine and diclofenac) in river and wastewater samples. The SPE recoveries obtained at 10 000 ng/L spike concentration ranged from 89–120% in distilled water, 79–110% in river water and 78-94% in wastewater. The LODs and LOQs ranged from 10.9–20.4 ng/L and 36.2–60.7 ng/L, respectively. Concentrations of the pharmaceuticals obtained in river water samples ranged from 60 to 32 900 ng/L; in wastewater they ranged from 70 to 66 900 ng/L. Higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals were detected in winter compared to the spring season.

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Section: Concentrations Obtained In Wastewater Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SPE-LC-PDA method development and application for the analysis of selected pharmaceuticals in river and wastewater samples from South Africa

Hlengwa

Mahlambi

2020

WSA

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“…Ibuprofen was also detected in the same type of water samples and in a river grab sample [12][13][14][15]17] and has been highlighted to be the most consumed medicine all over the world [18,19]. Therefore, there is general consensus about the fact that WWTPs are potential sources of pharmaceuticals, including these NSAIDs, for the aquatic environment [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, since pharmaceuticals are not regulated, treatments are not designed for their removal and, consequently, they are still present in effluents from WWTPs [7,8]. In the specific case of NSAIDs, Mlunguza et al [9] recently revised the literature and indicated that the removal efficiency in WWTPs varies from −174 to 99%, with negative values being related to influent-effluent mismatching, creation of conjugated compounds or release from faeces during water treatment, day-to-day instability, analytic uncertainty and/or desorption from suspended particulate matter. Among NSAIDs, salicylic acid, which is the active form and metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid [10], and ibuprofen are amongst the most consumed and, therefore, most frequently detected and/or at the largest concentrations in wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Microalgae Scenedesmus Obliquus Utilization for the Adsorptive Removal of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) from Water Samples

Silva

Coimbra

Escapa

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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In view of the valorisation of the green microalga Scenedesmus obliquus biomass, it was used for the biosorption of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, namely salicylic acid and ibuprofen, from water. Microalgae biomass was characterized, namely by the determination of the point of zero charge (pHPZC), by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Kinetic and equilibrium batch experiments were carried out and results were found to fit the pseudo-second order equation and the Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The Langmuir maximum capacity determined for salicylic acid (63 mg g−1) was larger than for ibuprofen (12 mg g−1), which was also verified for a commercial activated carbon used as reference (with capacities of 250 and 147 mg g−1, respectively). For both pharmaceuticals, the determination of thermodynamic parameters allowed us to infer that adsorption onto microalgae biomass was spontaneous, favourable and exothermic. Furthermore, based on the biomass characterization after adsorption and energy associated with the process, it was deduced that the removal of salicylic acid and ibuprofen by Scenedesmus obliquus biomass occurred by physical interaction.

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Target and Suspect Screening of Pharmaceuticals and their Transformation Products in the Klip River, South Africa, using Ultra‐High–Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Madikizela

Nuapia

Chimuka

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In spite of recent reports about the presence of pharmaceuticals in African water bodies, their prevalence has still not been sufficiently quantified. The few available studies have mostly focused on a limited number of pharmaceuticals. In the present study, a suspect screening of 92 compounds (mainly pharmaceuticals and their transformation products) along the Klip River, South Africa was conducted, followed by target monitoring of 21 of the detected pharmaceuticals. The experimental approach was based on solid‐phase extraction followed by analysis with ultra‐high–performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QTOF–MS). The results revealed 47 pharmaceuticals, 31 of which were detected for the first time in South African waters. Seven detected pharmaceuticals (propyphenazole, sulfamerazine, levamisole, tryptophan, dibucaine, albuterol, and fenpropimorph) are not approved medications in South Africa. Six pharmaceutical metabolites were detected for the first time in South Africa. Pharmaceuticals with the highest concentrations in river water were flumequine (0.257 µg L−1), oxolinic acid (0.355 µg L−1), and acetaminophen (0.432 µg L−1). Oxolinic acid presented the highest hazard quotient, 48.6, indicating a risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms. Hazard quotients for other pharmaceuticals were below 1, except that of flumequine, which reached 1.285. These results suggest a need for further research into the fate of pharmaceuticals in surface waters, and a quantification of the risks associated with the identified drugs because they are likely to accumulate in the tissues of fish/aquatic organisms, thus affecting humans. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:437‐447. © 2021 SETAC

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Adsorbents and removal strategies of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from contaminated water bodies

Cited by 104 publications

References 174 publications

SPE-LC-PDA method development and application for the analysis of selected pharmaceuticals in river and wastewater samples from South Africa

SPE-LC-PDA method development and application for the analysis of selected pharmaceuticals in river and wastewater samples from South Africa

Green Microalgae Scenedesmus Obliquus Utilization for the Adsorptive Removal of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) from Water Samples

Target and Suspect Screening of Pharmaceuticals and their Transformation Products in the Klip River, South Africa, using Ultra‐High–Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

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