“…No hysteresis is seen in the passive region. A similar effect was discovered and characterized by Soriaga and co-workers for iodine-modified Pd electrodes. − The anodic dissolution of Pd is known to be catalyzed by the presence of an iodine adlayer. 3 Cyclic voltammograms of S-modified Ni(100) in 0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 (pH 3.0).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 65%
“…A similar effect was discovered and characterized by Soriaga and co-workers for iodine-modified Pd electrodes. [16][17][18] The anodic dissolution of Pd is known to be catalyzed by the presence of an iodine adlayer.…”
Single-crystal Ni electrodes were investigated by in situ
electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
under potential control in 0.05 M Na2SO4
at pH 3.0. On Ni(111), a Ni(111)-(1×1) structure was
observed
in high-resolution STM images acquired at cathodic potentials.
Under passivation by forming oxide layers,
a hexagonal lattice with an interatomic distance of 0.29 nm was
discerned, which was attributed to oxide
layers of NiO(111) or Ni(OH)2(0001). On
Ni(100), a square lattice with a p(2×2) of oxygen was
observed
even at cathodic potentials. The p(2×2) structure was
converted to a quasi-hexagonal structure in the passive
region due to the formation of bulk oxide films. Sulfur adatoms
chemically attached on Ni(100) formed a
c(2×2) adlattice, which was consistently observed even
under the anodic dissolution of the underlying Ni
substrate. The dissolution of Ni from the S-modified Ni(100)
was found to proceed in the layer-by-layer
mode, forming atomically flat terraces extending over large
areas.
“…No hysteresis is seen in the passive region. A similar effect was discovered and characterized by Soriaga and co-workers for iodine-modified Pd electrodes. − The anodic dissolution of Pd is known to be catalyzed by the presence of an iodine adlayer. 3 Cyclic voltammograms of S-modified Ni(100) in 0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 (pH 3.0).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 65%
“…A similar effect was discovered and characterized by Soriaga and co-workers for iodine-modified Pd electrodes. [16][17][18] The anodic dissolution of Pd is known to be catalyzed by the presence of an iodine adlayer.…”
Single-crystal Ni electrodes were investigated by in situ
electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
under potential control in 0.05 M Na2SO4
at pH 3.0. On Ni(111), a Ni(111)-(1×1) structure was
observed
in high-resolution STM images acquired at cathodic potentials.
Under passivation by forming oxide layers,
a hexagonal lattice with an interatomic distance of 0.29 nm was
discerned, which was attributed to oxide
layers of NiO(111) or Ni(OH)2(0001). On
Ni(100), a square lattice with a p(2×2) of oxygen was
observed
even at cathodic potentials. The p(2×2) structure was
converted to a quasi-hexagonal structure in the passive
region due to the formation of bulk oxide films. Sulfur adatoms
chemically attached on Ni(100) formed a
c(2×2) adlattice, which was consistently observed even
under the anodic dissolution of the underlying Ni
substrate. The dissolution of Ni from the S-modified Ni(100)
was found to proceed in the layer-by-layer
mode, forming atomically flat terraces extending over large
areas.
“…McBride et al [79] investigated corrosion of Pd(111) single crystal immersed in 0.05 M H 2 SO 4 and 0.5 mM NaI solution. The LEED pattern after anodic dissolution suggested layer by layer dissolution and pit formation.…”
Section: (I) Low-energy Electron Diffractionmentioning
Carbon steel is a preferred construction material in many industrial and domestic applications, including oil and gas pipelines, where corrosion mitigation using film-forming corrosion inhibitor formulations is a widely accepted method. This review identifies surface analytical techniques that are considered suitable for analysis of thin films at metallic substrates, but are yet to be applied to analysis of carbon steel surfaces in corrosive media or treated with corrosion inhibitors. The reviewed methods include time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy methods, particle-induced X-ray emission, Rutherford backscatter spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering and neutron reflectometry, and conversion electron Moessbauer spectrometry. Advantages and limitations of the analytical methods in thin-film surface investigations are discussed. Technical parameters of nominated analytical methods are provided to assist in the selection of suitable methods for analysis of metallic substrates deposited with surface films. The challenges associated with the applications of the emerging analytical methods in corrosion science are also addressed.
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