Adrian Willaert and Cardinal Ippolito I d'Este: new light on Willaert's early career in Italy, 1515–21

Abstract

In 1971, at the International Josquin Festival-Conference, I mentioned for the first time a group of newly discovered documents on the early career of Adrian Willaert in Italy, drawn mainly from the account books of his patron, Cardinal Ippolito i d'Este (1479–1520). In several articles since then I have briefly described these findings but until now have not been able to furnish the full particulars on which they depend. This article aims to do just that, and adds enough by way of commentary to provide a new portrait of the young Willaert's connections with Ferrarese patrons in these years. This new portrait not only transforms our view of his early maturity and its context, but extends his first known Italian period back some seven years before 1522, heretofore the first secure date for his presence in Italy altogether.

Constructing Identities in a Music Manuscript: The Medici Codex as a Gift*

“…Photo: GAP s.r.l., Rome. 10 On Leo X's enthusiastic patronage of music and his musical tastes, including discussion of their French leaning, see Pirro;Frey;Lowinsky, 1968, 3:28-41, 50, 60-65, 72-74, 79-80, 141-42, 154-55, 170-71, 178, 207;Bragard;Lockwood, 1979;Sherr, 1987;Blackburn, 1992;Cummings, 1992, esp. 11-84.…”

“…11-84. Composers in the Medici Codex associated with the French royal chapels include Jean Mouton (Lockwood, 1979), Adrian Willaert (Lockwood, 1979), Josquin des Prez (Fallows), Pierre Moulu (Brobeck), Antonius Divitis (Picker, 1977), Pierrequin de Thérache (Freedman), Jean Richafort (Brobeck,, Antoine Bruhier (Lockwood, 1979), Boyleau (Lowinsky, 1968, 3:125), Jean Lhéritier (Perkins, 1969b) and Antoine Brumel (Hudson). Striking in this connection is the absence from the Medici Codex of Leo X's highly favored maestro di cappella, Carpentras, as well as other members of his chapels.…”

“… 81 The list of documented examples is long, and includes Lockwood, 1985, 100; Shearman, 2003, 1:247–50 (document 1516/14); Cummings, 1981, 45–46n6; Lockwood, 1976, 121n57; Blackburn, 1992, 5–6. See also Tomasello, 453–57, 468–69; Cummings, 1981, 45–46, with copious documentation, given largely in his n5.…”