Adrenomedullin, Bcl‐2 and microvessel density in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium

Abstract

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a multifunctional 52-amino acid peptide involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including angiogenesis, growth regulation, differentiation, and vasodilation. ADM is thought to act through the G protein-coupled receptor calcitonin receptor-like receptor, with specificity being conferred by receptor-associated modifying protein 2. The aim of the present study was to clarify the roles of ADM status, and tumor vessels in endometrium. Specimens were examined for ADM, microvessel density (MVD), area of venules (AV) and Bcl-2 oncoprotein using an immunoperoxidase method. The difference of ADM between normal proliferative phase and hyperplasia without atypia was significant (P < 0.05). The level of Bcl-2 was significantly different between hyperplasia without atypia and hyperplasia with atypia (P < 0.05). ADM, MVD and AV in the endometrium increased in a stepwise manner from normal, simple or complex hyperplasia with or without atypia to grade 1 adenocarcinoma. In contrast, expression of Bcl-2 oncoprotein was decreased. These parameters identify the role of ADM expression and Bcl-2 protein in relation to cell growth and vasodilating in the neoplastic changes.

Loss of B‐cell lymphoma 2 immunohistochemical expression in endometrial hyperplasia: A specific marker of precancer and novel indication for treatment

“…Altogether 20 observational studies with a total of 1,278 specimens (137 proliferative endometrium, 676 endometrial hyperplasia, and 465 endometrial cancer), were included in the systematic review. The flow diagram reporting the process of study selection is shown in Figure .…”

Prospective Evaluation of the Accuracy of A Training Program in Image Recognition by Narrow-Band Imaging Guided Hysteroscopy of Endometrial Neoplasms

“…Subjectively, NBI provided clearer visualization of the NL than did white light, especially the delicate capillary architecture and angiogenesis (Fig. 2), which are considered essential for the development of neoplasms, including EC and atypical hyperplasia [7,8].…”

Plasmid pLXSN-Mediated Adrenomedullin Gene Therapy for Cerebral Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

“…The first role is regulation of the brain circulation: in the physiological state, trace amounts of ADM in the plasma adjust the basilar vascular tension together with nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelin-1, and other vasoactive substances [12]. An experiment [13] confirmed that ADM in cerebral arteries of dogs and cats has a strong vasodilating effect, and it can regulate and maintain cerebral blood flow. The mechanism may be related to increased intracellular cAMP concentration and increased endothelial nitric oxide production [14].…”