Adrenergic modulation of cytokine release in bone marrow progenitor-derived macrophage following polymicrobial sepsis

Stress-related hormones modulate cytokine expression in the head kidney of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

“…After 2h, IL-1b expression was restored to control levels, suggesting that it is rapidly regulated, TNFa remained unchanged and IL-6 and TGF-b1 expression were inhibited. This inhibition of cytokine expression is in concordance with the described inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by adrenaline stress in mammalian systems [62,63] and confirms the previously described important role of immuneendocrine interactions in the head kidney of fish [64,65]. However, we cannot disregard the possible effects of different adrenaline receptors in the head kidney (already described in other species, such as catfish [66] and rainbow trout [67] where head kidney leukocytes expressed both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors) that could be exerting differential and even opposite effects and therefore counteracting the expression of cytokines.…”

Murine hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors express adrenergic receptors

“…One of the functional consequences of adrenergic stimulation in macrophages (MØ) is the alteration in endotoxin mediated cytokine expression through intracellular signaling mechanisms (Bergmann, 2002;Cohen et al, 2004;Deng et al, 2004;Muthu et al, 2005a). Since all FACS defined hematopoietic myeloid progenitors were shown to express adrenergic receptors, we tested the functionality of the receptors in terms of cytokine expression that would indirectly indicate the coupling of adrenergic receptors.…”

Norepinephrine suppresses wound macrophage phagocytic efficiency through alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor dependent pathways

“…(D) To determine if norepinephrine-mediated changes in phagocytosis involve the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, cells were incubated with H-89 (10 −5 M, Sigma), a specific inhibitor of PKA, for two hours prior to norepinephrine treatment as above. The dosages and treatment durations employed were chosen to allow ease of comparison with previous studies (20,21,23). …”