Adrenal Masses in Oncologic Patients: Functional and Morphologic Evaluation

Francis, I R; Smid, A.; Gross, Milton D.; Shapiro, Brahm; Naylor, Bernard; Glazer, Gary M.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40661-6

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…An adrenal mass with necrotic changes is less likely to be a nonhyperfunctioning adenoma. All adrenal masses with concordant uptake are adenomas on adrenal cortical scintigraphy [7]. In our study, 1 of 3 nonhyperfunctioning adenomas with high attenuation performed adrenal cortical scin-tigraphy showed concordant uptake, and the remaining 2 showed equal uptake to contralateral.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Adrenal nonhyperfunctioning adenoma and nonadenoma: CT attenuation value as discriminative index

Takaki¹,

Matsumoto²,

Yoshida³

et al. 1995

Abdom Imaging

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Adrenal nonhyperfunctioning adenoma and nonadenoma: CT attenuation value as discriminative index

Takaki¹,

Matsumoto²,

Yoshida³

et al. 1995

Abdom Imaging

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“…In such patients the risk of an adrenal mass being a metastasis is high, ranging from 45 to 73% (13,19,22). Moreover, the risk increases with adrenal mass size, as malignancy rates of 43 -100% have been reported for masses larger than 3 cm (19,22).…”

Section: Oncology Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas

Barzon

Sonino

Fallo

et al. 2003

European Journal of Endocrinology

559

414

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Clinically silent adrenal masses discovered by imaging studies performed for unrelated reasons, i.e. adrenal incidentalomas, have become a rather common finding in clinical practice. However, only limited studies of incidence, prevalence, and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas are available. A comprehensive review of the literature shows the prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas to be 2.3% at autopsy and 0.5 -2% at abdominal computed tomography scan. Most lesions are adrenocortical adenomas at histology, whereas the prevalence of adrenocortical carcinomas is relatively low. The risk of malignancy over time for masses defined as benign at diagnosis is estimated at about 1/1000, even though 5-25% of masses increase in size during follow-up. Hyperfunction develops in about 1.7% of cases and the risk is higher in patients with lesions larger than 3 cm. Cortisol hypersecretion is the most likely disorder that may ensue, and it remains subclinical in about two-thirds of cases. The lack of controlled studies precludes making specific management recommendations. Large perspective controlled studies to define the epidemiology, natural history, and possible associated morbidity of adrenal incidentalomas and their impact on the quality of life of patients are needed.

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“…Characterization of adrenal masses is especially important in patients with a known malignancy, because adrenal gland is the frequent site of metastatic disease that presents up to 36 percent of incidentally discovered adrenal tumours in patients with known malignancy. 12 Adrenal metastases should be morphologically differentiated from non-functioning adrenal adenomas that are incidentally discovered in up to 5% of abdominal CT examinations in adult patients without malignancy, 2,3 and even more often in patients with a known malignancy. 13 In patients with a primary extraadrenal neoplasm and no other evidence of distant metastatic disease, characterization of the lesion using noninvasive imaging can reduce the necessity for percutaneous adrenal mass biopsy in most patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%